What should the nurse do first if they are stuck by a needle?

Flush the exposed skin with water

Report the exposure

Seek medical attention

Complete an incident report

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A reason: Flushing the exposed skin with water is the first action that the nurse should take if they are stuck by a needle. This is to reduce the amount of blood or body fluid that may have entered the wound and to prevent infection. The nurse should flush the skin for at least 15 minutes and avoid using soap, antiseptic, or bleach as they may damage the skin or increase the risk of infection.

Choice B reason: Reporting the exposure is the second action that the nurse should take after flushing the exposed skin with water. This is to inform the supervisor, the occupational health department, or the infection control team about the incident and to initiate the postexposure protocol. The nurse should provide the details of the exposure, such as the type and source of the needle, the depth and location of the wound, and the status of the source patient.

Choice C reason: Seeking medical attention is the third action that the nurse should take after reporting the exposure. This is to receive a medical evaluation and treatment, such as testing, prophylaxis, counseling, and followup. The nurse should consult a health care provider as soon as possible and follow the recommendations for preventing or treating any potential infections, such as hepatitis B, hepatitis C, or HIV.

Choice D reason: Completing an incident report is the last action that the nurse should take after seeking medical attention. This is to document the exposure and the actions taken and to identify the causes and the preventive measures for the future. The nurse should fill out the incident report form accurately and objectively and submit it to the appropriate authority. The incident report is not a part of the client's record and should not be mentioned in the client's chart.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason: Alcohol can trigger a gout attack because it increases the production and decreases the excretion of uric acid, which is the substance that causes inflammation and pain in the joints. Alcohol also dehydrates the body, which can worsen the symptoms of gout.

Choice B reason: Fruit juice is not a beverage that can trigger a gout attack. Fruit juice contains natural sugars and antioxidants, which may have a beneficial effect on the uric acid levels and the inflammation in the body. However, fruit juice should be consumed in moderation, as excess sugar intake can lead to weight gain and other health problems.

Choice C reason: Milk is not a beverage that can trigger a gout attack. Milk contains protein and calcium, which may help lower the uric acid levels and the risk of gout. Milk also has antiinflammatory properties, which may reduce the pain and swelling in the joints.

Choice D reason: Coffee is not a beverage that can trigger a gout attack. Coffee contains caffeine and antioxidants, which may have a protective effect on the uric acid levels and the inflammation in the body. Coffee also has a diuretic effect, which may help flush out the excess uric acid from the kidneys.

A. A client with a urinary tract infection who has a fever of 38.5°C and flank pain B. A client with a deep vein thrombosis who has a positive Homans' sign and edema in the affected leg C. A client with a myocardial infarction who has chest pain and shortness of breath D. A client with a stroke who has slurred speech and facial droop

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: This is not the highest priority client because a urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common and treatable condition that affects the lower urinary system, such as the bladder or urethra. A fever of 38.5°C and flank pain can indicate that the infection has spread to the upper urinary system, such as the kidneys, which can cause pyelonephritis. Pyelonephritis is a serious but not lifethreatening complication that requires antibiotic therapy and hydration. The nurse should monitor the client's vital signs, urine output, and pain level and administer the prescribed medication and fluids.

Choice B reason: This is not the highest priority client because a deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a blood clot that forms in a deep vein, usually in the lower extremities. A positive Homans' sign and edema in the affected leg can indicate that the clot is causing inflammation and obstruction of the blood flow. DVT is a serious but not lifethreatening complication that requires anticoagulant therapy and compression therapy. The nurse should monitor the client's vital signs, leg circumference, and pain level and administer the prescribed medication and stockings.

Choice C reason: This is the highest priority client because a myocardial infarction (MI) is a heart attack that occurs when the blood flow to a part of the heart muscle is blocked, causing tissue damage or death. Chest pain and shortness of breath can indicate that the client is experiencing acute cardiac ischemia, which can lead to cardiac arrest or heart failure. MI is a lifethreatening emergency that requires immediate intervention and treatment. The nurse should activate the rapid response team, monitor the client's vital signs, electrocardiogram, and oxygen saturation, and administer the prescribed medication and oxygen.

Choice D reason: This is not the highest priority client because a stroke is a brain attack that occurs when the blood flow to a part of the brain is interrupted, causing tissue damage or death. Slurred speech and facial droop can indicate that the client is experiencing acute neurological impairment, which can affect their communication and facial expression. Stroke is a serious but not lifethreatening complication that requires prompt evaluation and treatment. The nurse should monitor the client's vital signs, neurological status, and glucose level and administer the prescribed medication and fluids.

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What should the nurse do first if they are stuck by a needle?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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