This is the edited text:

A client has a new diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The client is distraught and does not know what to do. What intervention by the nurse is best?

Assess the client’s support system

Call the hospital clergy to speak with the client.

Explain the legal requirement to tell sex partners

Offer to tell the family for the client

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A reason: This is the best intervention because it helps the nurse to understand the client's emotional, social, and practical needs and resources. A new diagnosis of HIV can be a devastating and overwhelming experience for the client, who may face stigma, discrimination, isolation, or rejection from others. The nurse should assess the client's support system, such as family, friends, or community groups, that can provide comfort, guidance, and assistance to the client. The nurse should also encourage the client to seek professional counseling, peer support, or other services as needed.

Choice B reason: This is not the best intervention because it may not respect the client's preferences, beliefs, or values. The nurse should not assume that the client wants or needs spiritual or religious support, unless the client expresses such a desire. The nurse should ask the client about their spiritual or religious beliefs and practices and provide appropriate referrals or resources as requested by the client. The nurse should also respect the client's right to privacy and confidentiality and not disclose the client's diagnosis to anyone without the client's consent.

Choice C reason: This is not the best intervention because it may not be the most urgent or appropriate topic to discuss with the client at this time. The nurse should not focus on the legal or ethical aspects of the client's diagnosis, but rather on the client's emotional and physical wellbeing. The nurse should explain the legal requirement to tell sex partners in a sensitive and respectful manner, but only after the client has accepted and understood their diagnosis and has expressed readiness to disclose their status to others. The nurse should also provide the client with information and resources on how to prevent the transmission of HIV and how to protect themselves and their partners.

Choice D reason: This is not the best intervention because it may not be the client's wish or choice. The nurse should not offer to tell the family for the client, unless the client asks for such help. The nurse should respect the client's autonomy and decisionmaking regarding whom to tell and when to tell about their diagnosis. The nurse should also support the client in preparing for the possible reactions and outcomes of disclosing their status to their family and others.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: This is not the best action because encouraging range of motion can worsen the symptoms and cause more damage to the nerves and blood vessels. Range of motion is the movement of the joints and muscles through their normal extent. Range of motion can help to prevent stiffness, contractures, and muscle atrophy, but it can also increase the swelling and pressure in the affected area, which can impair the circulation and sensation.

Choice B reason: This is not the best action because applying heat to the affected hand can worsen the symptoms and cause more damage to the tissues. Heat is the transfer of thermal energy from a warmer object to a cooler one. Heat can help to relax the muscles, reduce the pain, and increase the blood flow, but it can also increase the inflammation and edema in the affected area, which can compromise the oxygen and nutrient delivery to the tissues.

Choice C reason: This is the best action because removing the cast can decrease the pressure and restore the circulation and sensation to the affected area. A cast is a rigid device that immobilizes and protects a fractured or injured body part. A cast can help to align the bones, prevent displacement, and promote healing, but it can also cause complications, such as compartment syndrome, infection, or nerve damage. Compartment syndrome is a condition where the pressure inside the muscles increases to dangerous levels, causing severe pain, reduced blood flow, and tissue death. The nurse should remove the cast immediately and notify the physician if the client shows signs of compartment syndrome, such as numbness, tingling, pallor, coolness, or swelling.

Choice D reason: This is not the best action because raising the arm above the level of the heart can worsen the symptoms and cause more damage to the nerves and blood vessels. Raising the arm above the level of the heart can help to reduce the swelling and pain in the affected area, but it can also reduce the blood flow and oxygenation to the area, which can lead to ischemia, necrosis, or gangrene. The nurse should elevate the arm at or below the level of the heart and monitor the pulse, color, temperature, and sensation of the fingers.

A. Administer topical hydrocortisone B. Apply cold therapy to the extremities C. Administer antibiotics D. Encourage ultraviolet (UV) light exposure

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason: Administering topical hydrocortisone is the appropriate nursing intervention, because it can help reduce the inflammation and itching of the skin lesions that are common in SLE. SLE is a chronic autoimmune disease that causes the immune system to attack various organs and tissues, such as the skin, joints, kidneys, heart, and blood vessels. Hydrocortisone is a type of corticosteroid that can suppress the immune response and relieve the symptoms of SLE.

Choice B reason: Applying cold therapy to the extremities is not the appropriate nursing intervention, because it can worsen the circulation and sensation of the fingers and toes that are affected by Raynaud's phenomenon, which is a complication of SLE. Raynaud's phenomenon is a condition that causes the blood vessels in the extremities to narrow and spasm in response to cold or stress, resulting in numbness, pain, and color changes. Cold therapy can trigger or aggravate Raynaud's phenomenon.

Choice C reason: Administering antibiotics is not the appropriate nursing intervention, because it is not indicated for SLE, unless there is a secondary infection. SLE is not caused by bacteria, but by the abnormal activity of the immune system. Antibiotics are drugs that can kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria, but they have no effect on the underlying cause of SLE. Antibiotics can also have side effects, such as allergic reactions, gastrointestinal disturbances, or resistance.

Choice D reason: Encouraging ultraviolet (UV) light exposure is not the appropriate nursing intervention, because it can trigger or worsen the skin lesions and the disease activity of SLE. UV light is a type of radiation that can damage the DNA and the cells of the skin, causing inflammation, redness, and blistering. UV light can also stimulate the production of antibodies and cytokines that can attack the organs and tissues of the body.

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This is the edited text:A client has a new diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The client is distraught and does not know what to do. What intervention by the nurse is best?

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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This is the edited text:Which of the following clients should be placed in isolation for airborne precautions?

This is the edited text:

A client has a new diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The client is distraught and does not know what to do. What intervention by the nurse is best?