What is the underlying rationale for why a nurse assesses a client with emphysema for clinical indicators of hypoxia?
Increased mucus production blocks the alveoli
Infections decrease ventilation
Lack of adequate surface area for aeration
Inflammation of the bronchioles decreases breathing capacity
The Correct Answer is C
A. Increased mucus production blocking the alveoli is incorrect. While mucus production can be an issue in COPD, it is more characteristic of chronic bronchitis rather than emphysema.
B. Infections decreasing ventilation is incorrect. Although infections can worsen emphysema symptoms, they are not the primary cause of chronic hypoxia in these clients.
C. Lack of adequate surface area for aeration is correct. Emphysema leads to alveolar destruction and loss of elasticity, reducing the surface area available for gas exchange, which causes chronic hypoxia.
D. Inflammation of the bronchioles decreasing breathing capacity is incorrect. While airway inflammation is seen in conditions like asthma and chronic bronchitis, emphysema is primarily characterized by alveolar damage rather than airway inflammation.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Annual Influenza immunization is important for individuals with chronic bronchitis but does not directly prevent the disorder from occurring. It helps reduce respiratory infections, which can exacerbate symptoms.
B. Regular moderate exercise improves overall lung function but does not specifically prevent chronic bronchitis.
C. Smoking cessation is the most effective measure in preventing chronic bronchitis. Chronic bronchitis is strongly linked to long-term cigarette smoking, which causes inflammation and excessive mucus production in the airways.
D. Maintenance of ideal weight supports overall health but is not a primary factor in preventing chronic bronchitis.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Pleural effusion is a common complication of heart failure. Increased pressure in the pulmonary circulation can cause fluid to accumulate in the pleural space, leading to dyspnea and decreased lung expansion.
B. Infection is not a direct complication of heart failure. However, individuals with heart failure may have an increased risk of infections due to a weakened immune system.
C. Asthma is not a complication of heart failure. While both conditions can cause shortness of breath, asthma is a separate respiratory disorder.
D. Hemorrhage is not associated with heart failure. Instead, heart failure can lead to clotting abnormalities or increased bleeding risk if the client is on anticoagulants.
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