What is the underlying rationale for why a nurse assesses a client with emphysema for clinical indicators of hypoxia?
Increased mucus production blocks the alveoli
Infections decrease ventilation
Lack of adequate surface area for aeration
Inflammation of the bronchioles decreases breathing capacity
The Correct Answer is C
A. Increased mucus production blocking the alveoli is incorrect. While mucus production can be an issue in COPD, it is more characteristic of chronic bronchitis rather than emphysema.
B. Infections decreasing ventilation is incorrect. Although infections can worsen emphysema symptoms, they are not the primary cause of chronic hypoxia in these clients.
C. Lack of adequate surface area for aeration is correct. Emphysema leads to alveolar destruction and loss of elasticity, reducing the surface area available for gas exchange, which causes chronic hypoxia.
D. Inflammation of the bronchioles decreasing breathing capacity is incorrect. While airway inflammation is seen in conditions like asthma and chronic bronchitis, emphysema is primarily characterized by alveolar damage rather than airway inflammation.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Holding the breath for 10 seconds after inhaling allows the medication to be absorbed into the lungs effectively.
B. The client should wait at least 1 minute between inhalations if a second dose is needed, not 10 minutes.
C. The client should take a slow, deep breath while releasing the medication to ensure better lung deposition.
D. The client should inhale while pressing the inhaler, not exhale, to properly receive the medication.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Nitroglycerin is used in the acute phase of an MI to relieve chest pain by dilating coronary arteries. However, after the initial phase, it is not the primary medication for managing pain and anxiety.
B. Morphine is administered after the initial acute phase to manage pain and anxiety. It reduces myocardial oxygen demand, decreases pain perception, and provides sedation, which can help lower stress levels.
C. Aspirin is given in the acute phase to prevent further clot formation but does not address pain and anxiety.
D. Oxygen is administered in the acute phase if the client is hypoxic, but routine oxygen therapy is no longer recommended unless needed.
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