Which of the following is considered a risk factor for COPD?
Hypertension
Male
Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency
History of Pulmonary Embolism
The Correct Answer is C
A. Hypertension is not a direct risk factor for COPD. However, COPD and hypertension can coexist, especially in smokers.
B. Being male was once associated with a higher COPD prevalence, but COPD affects both sexes, especially as smoking habits have become more equal.
C. Alpha-1 Antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency is correct. AAT deficiency is a genetic disorder that leads to early-onset emphysema, even in non-smokers. It impairs the lungs' ability to protect themselves from enzymatic damage.
D. History of pulmonary embolism is not a primary risk factor for COPD, though lung damage from recurrent emboli can contribute to respiratory issues.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Obtaining an ECG is important but not the first action. The priority is to stop activity, as exertion can worsen myocardial oxygen demand.
B. Having the client sit down immediately is correct. Stopping activity reduces cardiac workload and oxygen demand, preventing further ischemia or infarction.
C. Assessing vital signs is important but should follow stopping activity. Chest pain requires immediate action to reduce cardiac strain.
D. Administering sublingual nitroglycerin is appropriate but should be done after ensuring the client is seated. This prevents hypotension and syncope from occurring while standing.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Atherosclerosis is correct. It is the primary cause of myocardial infarction (MI) due to the narrowing and eventual blockage of coronary arteries by plaque buildup, leading to reduced oxygen supply to the heart muscle.
B. Obesity is a risk factor for MI but is not the direct cause. It contributes to conditions like hypertension, diabetes, and atherosclerosis, which increase MI risk.
C. Hypertension increases the risk of MI by damaging blood vessels over time, but it is not the most common direct cause.
D. Diabetes Mellitus type 2 is a risk factor because it contributes to vascular damage and atherosclerosis, but it is not the primary cause of an MI.
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