Which of the following is considered a risk factor for COPD?
Hypertension
Male
Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency
History of Pulmonary Embolism
The Correct Answer is C
A. Hypertension is not a direct risk factor for COPD. However, COPD and hypertension can coexist, especially in smokers.
B. Being male was once associated with a higher COPD prevalence, but COPD affects both sexes, especially as smoking habits have become more equal.
C. Alpha-1 Antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency is correct. AAT deficiency is a genetic disorder that leads to early-onset emphysema, even in non-smokers. It impairs the lungs' ability to protect themselves from enzymatic damage.
D. History of pulmonary embolism is not a primary risk factor for COPD, though lung damage from recurrent emboli can contribute to respiratory issues.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. A complete occlusion of the coronary artery is characteristic of an ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), not an NSTEMI.
B. Chest pain that resolves with rest is more indicative of stable angina rather than NSTEMI.
C. An NSTEMI occurs due to a partial occlusion of a coronary artery, leading to myocardial ischemia and damage without ST-segment elevation on an ECG.
D. Chest pain at rest can be seen in both unstable angina and NSTEMI, but it is not the defining feature of NSTEMI.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Morphine may be given to relieve pain and anxiety but is not the first priority. Oxygenation must be addressed first.
B. Initiating cardiac monitoring is important but does not take priority over oxygen therapy. Hypoxia from a PE can cause life-threatening complications.
C. Administering oxygen therapy is correct. A PE impairs oxygenation, leading to hypoxia. Immediate oxygen administration helps improve oxygen delivery to vital organs.
D. Starting an IV infusion is necessary to maintain hemodynamic stability but is not the priority over oxygenation.
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