Which of the following is considered a risk factor for COPD?
Hypertension
Male
Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency
History of Pulmonary Embolism
The Correct Answer is C
A. Hypertension is not a direct risk factor for COPD. However, COPD and hypertension can coexist, especially in smokers.
B. Being male was once associated with a higher COPD prevalence, but COPD affects both sexes, especially as smoking habits have become more equal.
C. Alpha-1 Antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency is correct. AAT deficiency is a genetic disorder that leads to early-onset emphysema, even in non-smokers. It impairs the lungs' ability to protect themselves from enzymatic damage.
D. History of pulmonary embolism is not a primary risk factor for COPD, though lung damage from recurrent emboli can contribute to respiratory issues.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Adequate hydration helps thin mucus secretions, making them easier to expectorate. Drinking 2 to 3 L of water daily is recommended unless contraindicated by another condition.
B. Semi-Fowler's position can help with breathing but does not directly aid in thinning secretions.
C. Oxygen therapy helps with oxygenation but does not address thick mucus.
D. A low-salt diet may be beneficial for overall health but does not directly impact mucus consistency.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Drawing a basic metabolic panel (BMP) is important for monitoring electrolyte imbalances, especially potassium in clients on diuretics, but it is not the priority intervention.
B. Obtaining a health history is necessary, but assessing the client’s current status takes priority in an acute setting.
C. Auscultating the lung and heart sounds is correct. In heart failure, pulmonary congestion and fluid overload can quickly lead to respiratory distress. The nurse should immediately assess for crackles, wheezing, or signs of pulmonary edema, as well as abnormal heart sounds that may indicate worsening heart failure.
D. Assessing pulse and temperature is routine, but assessing lung and heart sounds directly evaluates for acute decompensation and should be prioritized.
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