What is the result of hypothermia in the newborn?
Decreased metabolic rate
Decreased oxygen demands
Shivering to generate heat
Increased glucose demands
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A) Decreased metabolic rate is incorrect because this is not a result of hypothermia in the newborn, but rather a cause of it. Metabolic rate is the speed at which the body uses energy to perform its functions. Newborns have a high metabolic rate, which helps them to maintain a normal body temperature of 36.5°C to 37.5°C (97.7°F to 99.5°F). However, some factors can lower the metabolic rate of newborns, such as prematurity, low birth weight, infection, or hypoglycemia. A low metabolic rate can make the newborn more susceptible to heat loss and hypothermia, which is a condition that occurs when the body temperature drops below 36°C (96.8°F). Therefore, this response is inaccurate and misleading.
Choice B) Decreased oxygen demands is incorrect because this is not a result of hypothermia in the newborn, but rather a consequence of it. Oxygen demand is the amount of oxygen that the body needs to function properly.
Newborns have a high oxygen demand, which helps them to support their growth and development. However, some factors can decrease the oxygen demand of newborns, such as hypothermia, sedation, or asphyxia. A low oxygen demand can impair the oxygen delivery and utilization by the tissues and organs, leading to hypoxia, acidosis, or organ failure. Therefore, this response is irrelevant and inaccurate.
Choice C) Shivering to generate heat is incorrect because this is not a result of hypothermia in the newborn, but rather a mechanism that is absent in them. Shivering is an involuntary contraction of the muscles that produces heat and raises the body temperature. It is a common response to cold exposure in adults and older children, but not in newborns. Newborns do not have the ability to shiver, as their muscles are immature and lack glycogen stores.
Instead, they rely on other methods to generate heat, such as non-shivering thermogenesis, which involves burning brown fat in certain areas of the body. Therefore, this response is irrelevant and inaccurate.
Choice D) Increased glucose demands is correct because this is a result of hypothermia in the newborn that can cause complications. Glucose demand is the amount of glucose that the body needs to produce energy and maintain its functions. Newborns have a high glucose demand, which helps them to support their metabolic rate and thermoregulation. However, some factors can increase the glucose demand of newborns, such as hypothermia, stress, or infection. A high glucose demand can deplete the glucose stores and cause hypoglycemia, which is a low level of glucose in the blood that can lead to seizures, brain damage, or death. Therefore, this response is clear and accurate.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A: This is the correct answer because a hard and tender abdomen is a sign of concealed hemorrhage, which can lead to hypovolemic shock and fetal distress. The nurse needs to monitor the woman's blood loss, blood pressure, pulse, and fetal heart rate to detect any complications and intervene accordingly.
Choice B: This is incorrect because opioid pain medication can mask the signs of shock and fetal distress, and may also cause respiratory depression in both the mother and the fetus. Pain relief should be given after assessing the woman's condition and consulting with the physician.
Choice C: This is incorrect because documenting the findings is not a priority action. The nurse needs to act quickly to prevent further blood loss and fetal compromise, and report the findings to the physician.
Choice D: This is incorrect because relaxation techniques may not be effective in reducing the pain and anxiety caused by abruptio placentae. The nurse should provide emotional support and reassurance to the woman, but also focus on assessing and managing her physical condition.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice a) Ectopic pregnancy is incorrect because this is not a condition that requires delivery by cesarean section. Ectopic pregnancy is a condition where the fertilized egg implants outside the uterus, usually in the fallopian tube. It is a life-threatening complication that can cause internal bleeding and rupture of the tube. Ectopic pregnancy cannot result in a viable baby and must be terminated as soon as possible, either by medication or surgery. Therefore, this response is irrelevant and inaccurate.
Choice b) Preeclampsia is incorrect because this is not a condition that always necessitates delivery by cesarean section. Preeclampsia is a condition where the blood pressure rises above 140/90 mmHg after 20 weeks of pregnancy, along with proteinuria and edema. It can cause complications such as eclampsia, HELLP syndrome, placental abruption, and fetal growth restriction. The only cure for preeclampsia is delivery of the baby and placenta, but the mode of delivery depends on several factors, such as the gestational age, the severity of the condition, the fetal status, and the maternal preference. Therefore, some women with preeclampsia may deliver vaginally, while
others may need a cesarean section.
Choice c) Partial abruptio placentae is incorrect because this is not a condition that always necessitates delivery by cesarean section. Abruptio placentae is a condition where the placenta separates from the uterine wall before delivery, causing vaginal bleeding, abdominal pain, uterine contractions, and fetal distress. It can be classified as partial or complete, depending on the extent of the separation. The mode of delivery for abruptio placentae depends on several factors, such as the degree of bleeding, the fetal viability, the cervical dilation, and the fetal position.
Therefore, some women with partial abruptio placentae may deliver vaginally, while others may need a cesarean section.
Choice d) Total placenta previa is correct because this is the only condition that always necessitates delivery by cesarean section. Placenta previa is a condition where the placenta covers part or all of the cervix, preventing normal delivery. It can be classified as marginal, partial, or total, depending on the degree of overlap. The mode of delivery for placenta previa depends on several factors, such as the type of previa, the amount of bleeding, the gestational age, and the fetal status. However, women with total placenta previa have no chance of delivering vaginally, as the placenta completely blocks the birth canal. Therefore, they must have a cesarean section to avoid hemorrhage and fetal compromise.
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