The difference between physiological and nonphysiological jaundice is that nonphysiological jaundice
results from breakdown of erythrocytes
usually results in kernicterus
begins at the head and progresses down the body
appears in the first 24 hours of life
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A: This is incorrect because both physiological and nonphysiological jaundice result from breakdown of erythrocytes. Jaundice is caused by the accumulation of bilirubin, a yellow pigment that is produced when red blood cells are destroyed. However, the rate and extent of hemolysis differ between the two types of jaundice.
Choice B: This is incorrect because kernicterus is a rare and serious complication of jaundice, not a usual outcome. Kernicterus occurs when bilirubin levels are very high and the pigment deposits in the brain, causing neurological damage. It can affect both physiological and nonphysiological jaundice, but it is more likely to occur in nonphysiological jaundice due to higher bilirubin levels and underlying conditions.
Choice C: This is incorrect because both physiological and nonphysiological jaundice begin at the head and progress down the body. This is because bilirubin accumulates in areas with high fat content, such as the skin, eyes, and brain. The distribution of jaundice depends on the level of bilirubin in the blood, not on the type of jaundice.
Choice D: This is the correct answer because nonphysiological jaundice appears in the first 24 hours of life, whereas physiological jaundice appears after the first 24 hours of life. Nonphysiological jaundice is caused by factors that increase hemolysis or impair bilirubin metabolism or excretion, such as blood group incompatibility, infection, liver disease, or enzyme deficiency. Physiological jaundice is caused by normal adaptation processes that occur after birth, such as increased red blood cell turnover, immature liver function, and delayed intestinal flora colonization.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice a) They are born before 38 weeks of gestation is incorrect because this is not the definition of SGA. SGA refers to newborns who have a birth weight or length that is significantly lower than expected for their gestational age, regardless of when they are born. Therefore, a newborn can be SGA even if they are born at term or post-term.
Choice b) Placental malfunction is the only recognized cause of this condition is incorrect because this is not the only factor that can contribute to SGA. Placental malfunction can cause fetal growth restriction due to insufficient blood supply and nutrients to the fetus, but there are other possible causes such as maternal factors (e.g.,
hypertension, diabetes, smoking, malnutrition), fetal factors (e.g., chromosomal abnormalities, infections, congenital anomalies), and environmental factors (e.g., altitude, pollution, stress).
Choice c) They weigh less than 2500 g is incorrect because this is not the criterion for SGA. SGA is based on the comparison of the newborn's weight or length with the expected values for their gestational age, not on an absolute cutoff. Therefore, a newborn can be SGA even if they weigh more than 2500 g, as long as they are below the 10th percentile for their gestational age.
Choice d) They are below the 10th percentile on gestational growth charts is correct because this is the most commonly used definition of SGA. Gestational growth charts are tools that plot the expected weight or length of a fetus or newborn according to their gestational age and sex. They are based on population data and can vary
depending on the ethnicity and region of origin of the mother and the baby. A newborn who falls below the 10th percentile on these charts is considered SGA, meaning that they have grown less than 90% of their peers .
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice a) We are protecting the infant from our bacteria is incorrect because this is not the main reason why gloves are needed when handling a newborn. While it is true that newborns have immature immune systems and are susceptible to infections, gloves are not only used to protect the infant from our bacteria but also to protect ourselves from the infant's body fluids and secretions, which may contain pathogens or blood-borne diseases.
Therefore, this response is incomplete and misleading.
Choice b) Amniotic fluid and maternal blood pose risks to us is incorrect because this is also not the primary reason why gloves are needed when handling a newborn. While it is true that amniotic fluid and maternal blood may contain harmful microorganisms or viruses that can infect us, gloves are not only used to protect ourselves from these substances but also to protect the infant from our skin flora and potential contaminants, which may cause skin irritation or infection. Therefore, this response is also incomplete and misleading.
Choice c) It is hospital policy is incorrect because this is not a sufficient or satisfactory reason why gloves are needed when handling a newborn. While it is true that wearing gloves may be a hospital policy or protocol, this response does not explain the rationale or evidence behind this policy and may imply that the nurse does not understand or agree with it. Therefore, this response is vague and unprofessional.
Choice d) It is part of standard precautions is correct because this is the best and most accurate reason why gloves are needed when handling a newborn. Standard precautions are a set of guidelines and practices that aim to prevent the transmission of infections in healthcare settings. They include wearing gloves, gowns, masks, and eye protection when there is a risk of exposure to blood or body fluids, as well as washing hands before and after patient contact, cleaning and disinfecting equipment and surfaces, and disposing of waste properly. Standard precautions apply to all patients, regardless of their diagnosis or infection status, and are based on the principle that all blood and body fluids are potentially infectious. Therefore, this response is clear and appropriate.
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