A nurse has taught a pregnant woman about toxoplasmosis. What statement by the patient indicates a need for further instruction?
I will be certain to empty the litter boxes regularly.
I have to wash all of my fruits and vegetables.
I won't eat raw eggs.
I need to be cautious when cooking meat.
The Correct Answer is A
Choice a) I will be certain to empty the litter boxes regularly is incorrect because this is a risky behavior for a pregnant woman who wants to prevent toxoplasmosis. Toxoplasmosis is an infection caused by a parasite called Toxoplasma gondii, which can be found in the feces of cats and other animals. If a pregnant woman gets infected with toxoplasmosis, she can pass it to her unborn baby, which can cause serious problems such as miscarriage, stillbirth, or birth defects. Therefore, a pregnant woman should avoid contact with cat litter and let someone else handle the litter boxes, or wear gloves and wash her hands thoroughly if she has to do it herself.
Choice b) I have to wash all of my fruits and vegetables is correct because this is a good practice for a pregnant woman who wants to prevent toxoplasmosis. Toxoplasmosis can also be transmitted through contaminated soil or water, which can adhere to fruits and vegetables. Therefore, a pregnant woman should wash all of her fruits and vegetables before eating them, and peel or cook them if possible, to remove any traces of the parasite.
Choice c) I won't eat raw eggs is correct because this is another good practice for a pregnant woman who wants to prevent toxoplasmosis. Toxoplasmosis can also be acquired through eating undercooked or raw meat or eggs that contain the parasite. Therefore, a pregnant woman should avoid eating raw eggs or any foods that contain them, such as mayonnaise, mousse, or homemade ice cream, and cook all of her meat and eggs thoroughly until they are no longer pink or runny.
Choice d) I need to be cautious when cooking meat is correct because this is also an important practice for a pregnant woman who wants to prevent toxoplasmosis. Toxoplasmosis can also be spread through handling raw meat that contains the parasite. Therefore, a pregnant woman should be careful when cooking meat and use separate utensils and cutting boards for raw and cooked meat, wash her hands and surfaces after touching raw meat, and avoid tasting raw meat while cooking it.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A: This is incorrect because both physiological and nonphysiological jaundice result from breakdown of erythrocytes. Jaundice is caused by the accumulation of bilirubin, a yellow pigment that is produced when red blood cells are destroyed. However, the rate and extent of hemolysis differ between the two types of jaundice.
Choice B: This is incorrect because kernicterus is a rare and serious complication of jaundice, not a usual outcome. Kernicterus occurs when bilirubin levels are very high and the pigment deposits in the brain, causing neurological damage. It can affect both physiological and nonphysiological jaundice, but it is more likely to occur in nonphysiological jaundice due to higher bilirubin levels and underlying conditions.
Choice C: This is incorrect because both physiological and nonphysiological jaundice begin at the head and progress down the body. This is because bilirubin accumulates in areas with high fat content, such as the skin, eyes, and brain. The distribution of jaundice depends on the level of bilirubin in the blood, not on the type of jaundice.
Choice D: This is the correct answer because nonphysiological jaundice appears in the first 24 hours of life, whereas physiological jaundice appears after the first 24 hours of life. Nonphysiological jaundice is caused by factors that increase hemolysis or impair bilirubin metabolism or excretion, such as blood group incompatibility, infection, liver disease, or enzyme deficiency. Physiological jaundice is caused by normal adaptation processes that occur after birth, such as increased red blood cell turnover, immature liver function, and delayed intestinal flora colonization.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice a) Insert an indwelling urinary catheter is incorrect because this is not a priority action for a client who has a large amount of painless, bright red vaginal bleeding. This type of bleeding is suggestive of placenta previa, which is a condition where the placenta covers part or all of the cervix, preventing normal delivery. Inserting an indwelling urinary catheter can cause trauma to the cervix or the placenta, which can worsen the bleeding and endanger the mother and the fetus. Therefore, this action should be avoided unless absolutely necessary.
Choice b) Prepare the abdominal and perineal areas is incorrect because this is not a priority action for a client who has a large amount of painless, bright red vaginal bleeding. This type of bleeding is suggestive of placenta previa, which is a condition where the placenta covers part or all of the cervix, preventing normal delivery. Preparing the abdominal and perineal areas can be done before performing a cesarean section, which is usually the preferred mode of delivery for placenta previa. However, this action should be done after stabilizing the client's condition and obtaining informed consent for surgery.
Choice c) Witness the signature for informed consent for surgery is incorrect because this is not a priority action for a client who has a large amount of painless, bright red vaginal bleeding. This type of bleeding is suggestive of placenta previa, which is a condition where the placenta covers part or all of the cervix, preventing normal delivery.
Witnessing the signature for informed consent for surgery can be done before performing a cesarean section, which is usually the preferred mode of delivery for placenta previa. However, this action should be done after stabilizing the client's condition and explaining the risks and benefits of surgery.
Choice d) Initiate IV access is correct because this is the priority action for a client who has a large amount of painless, bright red vaginal bleeding. This type of bleeding is suggestive of placenta previa, which is a condition where the placenta covers part or all of the cervix, preventing normal delivery. Initiating IV access can help to restore fluid volume, prevent hypovolemic shock, administer medications such as oxytocin or blood products if needed, and prepare for emergency cesarean section if indicated. Therefore, this action should be done as soon as possible to save the life of the mother and the fetus.
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