What is the primary pathophysiological process that occurs in disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)?

Decreased production of clotting factors

Impaired platelet function

Excessive activation of clotting factors and widespread clot formation

Excessive platelet production

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A.   DIC is not characterized by decreased production of clotting factors. Instead, it involves consumption of clotting factors due to widespread activation of coagulation.
B.   While platelet dysfunction may occur in DIC due to consumption and depletion of platelets, the primary pathophysiological process in DIC is the activation of clotting factors and formation of blood clots throughout the vasculature.
C.   Excessive activation of clotting factors and widespread clot formation is the primary pathophysiological process in DIC. This leads to the formation of numerous small blood clots throughout the body's blood vessels, resulting in organ dysfunction and potentially life-threatening complications.

D. Excessive platelet production is not a characteristic feature of DIC. Instead, platelets are consumed and depleted as they are incorporated into the blood clots formed during the
coagulation cascade in DIC.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. "Dietary supplements have not been tested and approved by the government." While this statement may be true, it is not directly related to the potential interaction between dietary supplements and nitroglycerin.

B. "Dietary supplements may be expensive and are not typically covered by insurance." While cost considerations are important, they are not directly related to the potential interaction
between dietary supplements and nitroglycerin.
C. "There is not enough evidence that dietary supplements are effective for erectile dysfunction."
While this statement may be true, it is not directly related to the potential interaction between dietary supplements and nitroglycerin.
D. "Dietary supplements can cause a drug-drug interaction with nitrates." Nitroglycerin is a medication commonly used for angina, and it interacts with erectile dysfunction medications
such as sildenafil (Viagra) due to its vasodilatory effects, potentially causing severe hypotension.
Therefore, it is crucial for the nurse to educate the client about the risk of interactions between dietary supplements and nitroglycerin.

A. Severe pain in the abdomen and joints B. Fever and chills C. Cough and shortness of breath D. Numbness and tingling in the extremities

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Severe pain in the abdomen and joints. Severe pain is the hallmark symptom of a sickle cell crisis, often occurring in the abdomen, joints, and bones due to vaso-occlusive events.
B. Fever and chills. While fever can be a sign of infection in individuals with sickle cell disease, it is not the most common symptom during a sickle cell crisis.
C. Cough and shortness of breath. These symptoms are more indicative of respiratory infections or complications like acute chest syndrome but are not the primary symptoms of a sickle cell crisis.
D. Numbness and tingling in the extremities. These symptoms are not typically associated with a sickle cell crisis.

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What is the primary pathophysiological process that occurs in disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is providing teaching about dietary supplements to a client who has erectile dysfunction and has been prescribed nitroglycerin. Which of the following statements is the most important for the nurse to include in the teaching?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

During a sickle cell crisis, which of the following symptoms is most commonly experienced by individuals with sickle cell disease?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Which of the following are common manifestations of a sickle cell crisis? (Select all that apply)

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A nurse is reinforcing teaching about breast self-examination (BSE) with a client who has a regular menstrual cycle. The nurse should instruct the client to perform BSE at which of the following times?

A nurse is reinforcing breast self-examination (BSE) teaching with a client who is menopausal. Which of the following statements by the client indicate an understanding of the teaching? (Select all that apply.)

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