What is the primary pathophysiological process that occurs in disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)?

Decreased production of clotting factors

Impaired platelet function

Excessive activation of clotting factors and widespread clot formation

Excessive platelet production

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A.   DIC is not characterized by decreased production of clotting factors. Instead, it involves consumption of clotting factors due to widespread activation of coagulation.
B.   While platelet dysfunction may occur in DIC due to consumption and depletion of platelets, the primary pathophysiological process in DIC is the activation of clotting factors and formation of blood clots throughout the vasculature.
C.   Excessive activation of clotting factors and widespread clot formation is the primary pathophysiological process in DIC. This leads to the formation of numerous small blood clots throughout the body's blood vessels, resulting in organ dysfunction and potentially life-threatening complications.

D. Excessive platelet production is not a characteristic feature of DIC. Instead, platelets are consumed and depleted as they are incorporated into the blood clots formed during the
coagulation cascade in DIC.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Tamoxifen: Tamoxifen is primarily used in the treatment of breast cancer, not prostate cancer.
B. Leuprolide: Leuprolide is a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist commonly used in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer to reduce testosterone levels, slowing the growth of cancer cells.
C. Cyclophosphamide: Cyclophosphamide is a chemotherapy drug used to treat various types of cancer but is not commonly used specifically for prostate cancer.
D. Finasteride: Finasteride is a 5-alpha-reductase inhibitor used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and male pattern baldness but is not typically used in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer.

A. Abnormal vaginal bleeding B. Recurrent urinary tract infections C. Hot flashes D. Blood in the stool

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Abnormal vaginal bleeding. Abnormal vaginal bleeding, especially postmenopausal bleeding, is the most common symptom reported by clients being evaluated for endometrial cancer.
B. Recurrent urinary tract infections. This is not a common symptom of endometrial cancer.
C. Hot flashes. Hot flashes are typically associated with menopause and hormone changes, not endometrial cancer.
D. Blood in the stool. Blood in the stool is more commonly associated with gastrointestinal issues or colorectal cancer, not endometrial cancer.

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What is the primary pathophysiological process that occurs in disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is caring for a client who has advanced stage prostate cancer. The nurse should expect the provider to prescribe which of the following medications for this client?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a client who is being evaluated for endometrial cancer. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect the client to report?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

The part of the female reproductive cycle that begins at the end of menses and ends at ovulation is:

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