What is the most accurate indicator of fluid loss or gain in acutely ill patients?

Sodium is the major extracellular electrolyte in the body.

It is responsible for maintaining the extracellular fluid volume, and also for regulation of the membrane potential of cells.

Sodium is exchanged along with potassium across cell membranes as part of active transport.

Choice B is wrong because potassium is mainly an intracellular ion.

It is important for nerve and muscle function, but it is not the predominant electrolyte in the extracellular fluid.

Choice C is wrong because calcium is not the major electrolyte in the extracellular fluid.

Calcium is mostly found in bones and teeth, where it forms a mineral reserve with phosphate.

Calcium also plays a role in muscle contraction, blood clotting, and enzyme activity.

Choice D is wrong because magnesium is not the major electrolyte in the extracellular fluid.

Magnesium is mostly found in bones, where it helps to stabilize the structure of ATP2.

Magnesium also participates in enzyme reactions, nerve and muscle function, and protein synthesis.

Furosemide is a loop diuretic that causes the kidneys to excrete more water and salt, which can lead to dehydration and electrolyte imbalance.

Electrolyte imbalance can cause muscle cramps, numbness and tingling, weakness and fatigue, and other symptoms.

Therefore, the client should monitor for these signs and report them to the doctor if they occur.

Choice B is wrong because dry mouth is not a sign of electrolyte imbalance, but rather a sign of dehydration.

Dehydration can also cause thirst, decreased urination, drowsiness, and confusion.

Choice E is wrong because tachycardia is not a sign of electrolyte imbalance, but rather a sign of hypovolemia (low blood volume) or hypotension (low blood pressure).

Furosemide can lower blood pressure by reducing fluid volume in the body.

Therefore, the client should also monitor their blood pressure and pulse regularly while taking furosemide.