A client is experiencing metabolic acidosis.
The nurse anticipates that the client’s respiratory rate will be:

This is because hemodialysis removes excess fluid and waste products from the blood, but it also removes some electrolytes, such as potassium.

Potassium is important for nerve and muscle function, especially the heart.

If potassium levels are too high or too low, it can cause irregular heartbeat or cardiac arrest.

Choice B is wrong because hypokalemia means low potassium levels, which is unlikely in renal failure unless there is excessive potassium loss from diarrhea, vomiting or diuretics.

Choice C is wrong because hyponatremia means low sodium levels, which can occur in renal failure due to fluid retention, but it is not directly related to hemodialysis.

Choice D is wrong because hypernatremia means high sodium levels, which can occur in renal failure due to reduced urine output, but it is also not directly related to hemodialysis.

Normal ranges for electrolytes are: Potassium: 3.5 to 5.0 mmol/L

Sodium: 135 to 145 mmol/L

Calcium: 8.5 to 10.5 mg/dL

Chloride: 96 to 106 mmol/L

Magnesium: 1.7 to 2.2 mg/dL

Phosphate: 2.5 to 4.5 mg/dL

Bicarbonate: 22 to 29 mmol/L

Angiotensin II is a hormone that stimulates the adrenal cortex to release aldosterone. Aldosterone is a hormone that helps regulate blood pressure by increasing the reabsorption of sodium and water and the excretion of potassium by the kidneys.

Choice A is wrong because renin is not a hormone but an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin I1.

Choice B is wrong because angiotensin I is an inactive precursor of angiotensin II that is converted by angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) in the lungs.

Choice D is wrong because antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is a hormone that regulates water balance by increasing the reabsorption of water by the kidneys, but it does not affect aldosterone secretion.