Which of the following is the term for a reversible syndrome that results in decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and oliguria?
Acute renal injury (ARI).
Chronic renal injury (CRI).
End-stage renal disease (ESRD).
Acute tubular necrosis (ATN).
The Correct Answer is A
Acute renal injury (ARI) is a term for a reversible syndrome that results in decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and oliguria. GFR is a measure of how well the kidneys filter blood and oliguria is a condition of producing less than normal amounts of urine.
Choice B is wrong because chronic renal injury (CRI) is not a reversible syndrome, but a progressive loss of kidney function over months or years.
Choice C is wrong because end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is not a reversible syndrome, but a condition where the kidneys have lost most or all of their function and dialysis or transplantation is required.
Choice D is wrong because acute tubular necrosis (ATN) is not a term for a syndrome, but a specific type of acute kidney injury that involves damage to the tubules, the part of the nephron that reabsorbs water and solutes from the filtrate.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Metabolic acidosis is a condition in which there is excess acid in the body fluids.
It causes rapid breathing, confusion, tiredness, headache, and increased heart rate.
Rapid breathing is a compensatory mechanism that helps to lower the carbon dioxide levels and increase the pH of the blood.
Choice B is wrong because decreased respiratory rate would worsen the acidosis by retaining more carbon dioxide and lowering the pH of the blood.
Choice C is wrong because normal respiratory rate would not be adequate to compensate for the metabolic acidosis and would result in acidemia (low blood pH).
Choice D is wrong because irregular respiratory rate is not a typical response to metabolic acidosis and could indicate other problems such as brain injury or drug overdose.
Correct Answer is ["B","C","D"]
Explanation
Hypercalcemia is a condition in which the calcium level in the blood is above normal.
This can cause various symptoms, such as confusion, constipation, and bradycardia (slow heart rate).
These are the clinical manifestations that the nurse would expect to observe in a client with hypercalcemia.
Choice A is wrong because muscle spasms are not a common symptom of hypercalcemia.
In fact, hypercalcemia can cause muscle weakness and pain.
Choice E is wrong because polyuria (excessive urination) is not a direct symptom of hypercalcemia, but rather a result of kidney problems caused by hypercalcemia.
Hypercalcemia can make the kidneys work harder to filter the excess calcium, leading to dehydration and thirst.
However, this does not necessarily mean that the client will have polyuria.
Normal ranges for calcium levels in the blood are 8.5 to 10.2 mg/dL (milligrams per deciliter) or 2.1 to 2.6 mmol/L (millimoles per liter).
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