A client is receiving intravenous fluid therapy with 0.9% sodium chloride solution.
The nurse understands that this type of solution is classified as:
Hypotonic.
Isotonic.
Hypertonic.
Colloid.
Colloid.
The Correct Answer is B
An isotonic solution has the same concentration of solutes as the blood plasma. 0.9% sodium chloride solution is an example of an isotonic solution.
It is used to supply water and salt to the body and to prevent hypotension induced by spinal anaesthesia.
Choice A is wrong because a hypotonic solution has a lower concentration of solutes than the blood plasma.
It can cause water to move into the cells and cause them to swell.
Choice C is wrong because a hypertonic solution has a higher concentration of solutes than the blood plasma.
It can cause water to move out of the cells and cause them to shrink.
Choice D is wrong because a colloid solution contains large molecules that do not pass through the capillary walls.
It is used to increase the blood volume and pressure in cases of shock or severe blood loss.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Clearance = urine flow rate x urine concentration / plasma concentration. This is the formula for calculating the renal clearance of a substance that is neither reabsorbed nor secreted by the tubules. Renal clearance is the volume of plasma that would have to be filtered by the glomeruli each minute to account for the amount of that substance appearing in the urine each minute.
Choice B is wrong because it has the urine concentration and plasma concentration inverted.
This would give an incorrect value for renal clearance.
Choice C is wrong because it has the plasma flow rate instead of the urine flow rate.
Plasma flow rate is not directly related to renal clearance.
Choice D is wrong because it has both the plasma flow rate and the urine concentration and plasma concentration inverted.
This would give an incorrect value for renal clearance.
Normal ranges for renal clearance vary depending on the substance, age, sex, and body size.
For example, the normal range for creatinine clearance is 85-125 mL/min for males and 75-115 mL/min for females.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Metabolic acidosis is a condition in which there is excess acid in the body fluids.
It causes rapid breathing, confusion, tiredness, headache, and increased heart rate.
Rapid breathing is a compensatory mechanism that helps to lower the carbon dioxide levels and increase the pH of the blood.
Choice B is wrong because decreased respiratory rate would worsen the acidosis by retaining more carbon dioxide and lowering the pH of the blood.
Choice C is wrong because normal respiratory rate would not be adequate to compensate for the metabolic acidosis and would result in acidemia (low blood pH).
Choice D is wrong because irregular respiratory rate is not a typical response to metabolic acidosis and could indicate other problems such as brain injury or drug overdose.
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