What is the term for an excess of urea and other nitrogenous wastes in the blood as a result of kidney insufficiency?

Uremia is a condition where there is an excess of urea and other nitrogenous wastes in the blood, usually excreted by the kidneys into the urine. It occurs when the kidneys stop filtering toxins out through your urine and can be a sign of end-stage renal (kidney) disease.

Choice A is wrong because azotemia is the buildup of nitrogen waste products in the blood, not urea.

Choice C is wrong because anuria is the absence or reduction of urine output.

Choice D is wrong because oliguria is the low output of urine.

Increased urine output is a sign of adequate hydration, as it means the kidneys are filtering waste and fluids from the body through the urine. The urine should be pale straw or lemonade colored, which indicates good hydration.

Choice B is wrong because decreased urine output is a sign of dehydration, as it means the kidneys are not working well and waste products are accumulating in the blood.

The urine may be dark and strong smelling, which indicates poor hydration.

Choice C is wrong because dry mucous membranes are a sign of dehydration, as they indicate a lack of fluid in the body tissues.

Choice D is wrong because hypertension is not a direct indicator of hydration status, although dehydration can cause low BP due to reduced blood volume.