What is the term for an excess of urea and other nitrogenous wastes in the blood as a result of kidney insufficiency?

Fluid overload, also called hypervolemia, is a condition in which the body has too much water.

It can cause edema, hypertension, shortness of breath, and cardiovascular problems.

Diuretics are medications that help the body remove excess fluid through urine.

They are commonly used to treat fluid overload caused by heart failure, kidney failure, cirrhosis, and other conditions.

Choice B is wrong because encouraging increased fluid intake would worsen the fluid overload and increase the risk of complications.

Choice C is wrong because providing a high-sodium diet would also worsen the fluid overload and increase the risk of complications.

Sodium is an electrolyte that regulates fluid balance in the body.

Excess sodium intake can cause water retention and increase blood pressure.

Choice D is wrong because elevating the affected extremities is not an appropriate intervention for fluid overload.

Elevating the extremities can help reduce swelling caused by local factors such as injury or inflammation, but it does not address the underlying cause of fluid overload.

Angiotensin II is a hormone that stimulates the adrenal cortex to release aldosterone. Aldosterone is a hormone that helps regulate blood pressure by increasing the reabsorption of sodium and water and the excretion of potassium by the kidneys.

Choice A is wrong because renin is not a hormone but an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin I1.

Choice B is wrong because angiotensin I is an inactive precursor of angiotensin II that is converted by angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) in the lungs.

Choice D is wrong because antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is a hormone that regulates water balance by increasing the reabsorption of water by the kidneys, but it does not affect aldosterone secretion.