The nurse is assessing a client with hypocalcemia.
What clinical manifestation would the nurse expect to note in this client?

This is because acute renal failure is a condition where the kidneys lose their ability to filter waste and excess fluid from the blood. This can lead to fluid overload, electrolyte imbalances, and metabolic acidosis. Therefore, the nurse should monitor the patient’s urine output and fluid balance to assess the severity of the renal impairment and prevent complications.

Choice A is wrong because administering a potassium-sparing diuretic would worsen the patient’s hyperkalemia, which is a common complication of acute renal failure.

Choice B is wrong because encouraging the patient to consume a high-sodium diet would increase the patient’s fluid retention and blood pressure, which can further damage the kidneys.

Choice D is wrong because administering intravenous antibiotics is not a priority intervention for acute renal failure unless there is a specific indication of infection.

Hyponatremia is a condition where sodium levels in your blood are lower than normal. This can cause symptoms such as nausea, headache, confusion, muscle weakness and seizures. A hypertonic saline solution is a fluid that has a higher concentration of sodium than normal blood. It can help restore the sodium balance and prevent or treat the complications of hyponatremia.

Choice A is wrong because restricting fluid intake may not be enough to correct severe hyponatremia and may worsen the symptoms if the cause is sodium loss.

Choice C is wrong because encouraging increased fluid intake may further dilute the sodium levels and worsen the condition.

Choice D is wrong because administering a loop diuretic may increase the urine output and cause more sodium loss, leading to more severe hyponatremia.

Normal ranges for blood sodium levels are between 135 and 145 milliequivalents per liter (mEq/L).