What are pathogens?

Kidneys are not part of the lymphatic system.

The lymphatic system is a network of vessels and organs that drain excess fluid from the tissues, transport fats and immune cells, and protect the body from infections.

Kidneys are part of the urinary system, which filters blood, regulates fluid and electrolyte balance, and produces urine.

Choice A is wrong because kidneys do not have a direct connection to the lymphatic system.

Although kidneys have lymphatic vessels in their cortex, they do not originate from the lymphatic system.

Kidneys receive blood from the renal arteries and return it to the renal veins.

The lymphatic vessels in the kidney cortex drain interstitial fluid and immune cells from the kidney tissue to the regional lymph nodes.

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Choice B is right because kidneys are part of the urinary system, not the lymphatic system.

The urinary system and the lymphatic system have different functions and structures in the body.

Normal ranges for kidney function tests include blood urea nitrogen (BUN) of 7 to 20 mg/dL, serum creatinine of 0.6 to 1.2 mg/dL, and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of more than 90 mL/min/1.73 m.

Normal ranges for lymphatic system tests include white blood cell (WBC) count of 4,000 to 11,000 cells per microliter, lymphocyte count of 1,000 to 4,800 cells per microliter, and immunoglobulin levels of IgG (700 to 1,600 mg/dL), IgA (70 to 400 mg/dL), IgM (40 to 230

mg/dL), IgE (0 to 100 IU/mL), and IgD (0.5 to 5 mg/dL).

A person who is stressed usually will have increased blood pressure because stress causes the body to release a surge of hormones that make the heart beat faster and the blood vessels narrow.
This can cause a temporary spike in blood pressure, which usually returns to normal once the stressor is gone.
Choice A is wrong because resistance to infections is not increased by stress.
In fact, chronic stress can weaken the immune system and make a person more prone to infections.
Choice B is wrong because the activity of the spleen and other lymphatic organs is not increased by stress.
The spleen and other lymphatic organs are part of the immune system, which can be affected by chronic stress in a negative way.
Choice C is wrong because the number of lymphocytes in the blood is not increased by stress. Lymphocytes are a type of white blood cell that help fight infections.
Chronic stress can reduce the number and function of lymphocytes and impair the immune response.