The term "mutations" refers to:
permanent, inheritable changes to DNA
an organism that is capable of causing disease
the severity of a disease that an organism is able to cause
a substance that can inhibit the growth of bacteria
The Correct Answer is A
A. Permanent, inheritable changes to DNA:
Mutations are alterations or changes in the DNA sequence of an organism's genome. These changes can be permanent and heritable, meaning they are passed on to offspring during reproduction. Mutations can occur spontaneously or be induced by various factors such as environmental agents, radiation, or errors in DNA replication or repair mechanisms. These changes can lead to variations in traits among individuals within a population and are essential for the process of evolution.
B. An organism that is capable of causing disease:
This definition refers to the term "pathogen." Pathogens are organisms, such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites, that are capable of causing disease in their hosts. Pathogens can infect humans, animals, plants, or other organisms and can lead to a wide range of diseases, from mild infections to life-threatening illnesses.
C. The severity of a disease that an organism is able to cause:
This definition refers to the term "virulence." Virulence is a measure of the severity or harmfulness of a pathogen, indicating its ability to cause disease in a host organism. Highly virulent pathogens are more likely to cause severe illness or death, while less virulent pathogens may cause milder symptoms or asymptomatic infections. Virulence factors, such as toxins, adhesion molecules, or evasion mechanisms, contribute to the pathogen's ability to cause disease.
D. A substance that can inhibit the growth of bacteria:
This definition refers to the term "antibiotic." Antibiotics are chemical substances produced by microorganisms, fungi, or synthesized in the laboratory that can inhibit the growth of or kill bacteria. Antibiotics are commonly used to treat bacterial infections and work by targeting specific bacterial structures or metabolic processes, thereby disrupting bacterial growth and survival. However, antibiotics are not mutations; instead, they are therapeutic agents used to combat bacterial infections.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Ibuprofen:
Ibuprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) commonly used to relieve pain and reduce inflammation. There are no significant interactions reported between erythromycin and ibuprofen.
B. Lasix (Furosemide):
Lasix is a diuretic medication used to treat fluid retention (edema) and high blood pressure. There are no significant interactions reported between erythromycin and furosemide.
C. Lovastatin:
Lovastatin is a statin medication used to lower cholesterol levels. Erythromycin can increase the levels of lovastatin in the blood by inhibiting its metabolism through the CYP3A4 enzyme. This can lead to an increased risk of statin-related side effects, including muscle pain and weakness, and in rare cases, rhabdomyolysis.
D. Lisinopril:
Lisinopril is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor used to treat high blood pressure and heart failure. There are no significant interactions reported between erythromycin and lisinopril.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Decision to administer either a bactericidal or bacteriostatic drug:
Culture and sensitivity tests provide information about the susceptibility of the microorganism to specific antimicrobial agents. Based on this information, healthcare providers can choose between bactericidal (agents that kill bacteria) or bacteriostatic (agents that inhibit bacterial growth) drugs. For example, if the culture indicates that the microorganism is susceptible to a bactericidal drug, such as penicillin, the healthcare provider may choose to administer that type of drug.
B. Microbial susceptibility to an anti-infective:
This option accurately describes one of the primary purposes of culture and sensitivity tests. These tests determine whether the microorganism causing the infection is susceptible or resistant to specific antimicrobial agents. This information guides the selection of the most appropriate anti-infective therapy to effectively treat the infection.
C. Duration of the antibacterial drug therapy:
While culture and sensitivity tests provide valuable information about microbial susceptibility to antimicrobial agents, they do not specifically determine the duration of antibacterial drug therapy. The duration of therapy is often determined based on factors such as the type and severity of the infection, the patient's response to treatment, and clinical guidelines, rather than solely on the results of culture and sensitivity tests.
D. Decision to administer empiric therapy:
Empiric therapy involves the initiation of antimicrobial treatment based on clinical judgment and knowledge of likely pathogens before culture and sensitivity results are available. Culture and sensitivity tests help confirm the causative microorganism and guide subsequent treatment decisions, including adjustments to therapy based on the results. Therefore, while culture and sensitivity tests inform decisions regarding antimicrobial therapy, they do not directly determine whether empiric therapy should be initiated.
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