The practical nurse (PN) is making a home visit to an older male adult who was recently diagnosed with Herpes zoster (shingles). The client reports the onset of severe burning pain along the right side of his trunk.

What action should the PN take?

"I realize that my life must go on, but sometimes I wonder why.”

Choice A rationale:

This statement may indicate frustration with physical limitations, which is common in older adults, especially after surgery. It does not necessarily indicate a need for bereavement counseling.

Choice B rationale:

Difficulty remembering simple things can be attributed to normal aging processes or other factors not directly related to bereavement.

Choice C rationale:

Expressing a sense of wondering "why”. after the loss of a spouse suggests ongoing grief and a potential need for bereavement counseling to process feelings and find meaning in life after the loss.

Choice D rationale:

Depending on children who live close-by is a common support mechanism for older adults and does not directly indicate a need for bereavement counseling.

The correct answer is Choice d. Powerful craving for more.

Rationale:

Cocaine withdrawal symptoms are primarily psychological and emotional, rather than physical. While some physical symptoms may occur, such as fatigue and muscle aches, the most prominent and concerning aspects of withdrawal are intense cravings for the drug.

Here's a breakdown of the other choices and why they are not as likely:

• Choice a. Elevated energy level:Cocaine is a stimulant,so during withdrawal,a person is more likely to experiencedecreased energy and fatigue.
• Choice b. High self-esteem:Cocaine use can initially boost self-esteem,but withdrawal often leads to feelings ofdepression, anxiety, and worthlessness.
• Choice c. Euphoria:Euphoria is one of the main effects of cocaine use,but during withdrawal,the opposite occurs,with individuals experiencingdysphoria, a state of intense negative emotions.

Therefore, the intense craving for more cocaine is the most characteristic behavioral symptom exhibited during cocaine withdrawal. This craving is driven by the brain's adaptation to the drug's presence and the disruption of dopamine and other neurotransmitter systems caused by withdrawal.

Additional Notes:

• The intensity of cocaine withdrawal symptoms can vary depending on several factors,including the severity and duration of cocaine use,individual differences in brain chemistry and genetics,and the presence of co-occurring mental health conditions.
• Seeking professional help for cocaine withdrawal is crucial to manage cravings and other symptoms effectively and increase the chances of successful recovery.