The nurse understands that sinus tachycardia differs from normal sinus rhythm because:

the heart rate is greater than 100 bpm in sinus tachycardia

more p waves are present than QRS complexes

the QRS complexes measure greater than 0.10

the rhythm is often irregular in sinus tachycardia

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. the heart rate is greater than 100 bpm in sinus tachycardia: Normal Sinus Rhythm is characterized by a heart rate between 60 and 100 beats per minute (bpm). Sinus tachycardia is defined as a sinus rhythm with a heart rate exceeding 100 beats per minute. The rhythm remains regular, with each P wave followed by a QRS complex, but the rate is significantly faster than normal sinus rhythm.

B. more p waves are present than QRS complexes: In sinus tachycardia, the number of P waves and QRS complexes remains one-to-one, as each atrial impulse continues to be conducted to the ventricles. More P waves than QRS complexes typically suggest atrial flutter or other forms of AV dissociation.

C. the QRS complexes measure greater than 0.10: A widened QRS complex suggests a bundle branch block or ventricular rhythm, not sinus tachycardia. In sinus tachycardia, QRS complexes typically remain narrow, measuring less than 0.10 seconds unless an intraventricular conduction delay is present.

D. the rhythm is often irregular in sinus tachycardia: Sinus tachycardia is usually a regular rhythm with consistent R-R intervals. An irregular rhythm is more indicative of atrial fibrillation or sinus arrhythmia, not a defining characteristic of sinus tachycardia.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. "All patients with this disorder have a genetic defect which causes it.": Restrictive cardiomyopathy is not primarily a genetic disorder. While there may be rare familial forms, most cases are acquired, often secondary to systemic diseases, making this statement inaccurate and misleading.

B. "There are many theories about its development but amyloidosis in your history is a probable cause.": This is the most accurate response. Restrictive cardiomyopathy is commonly associated with infiltrative diseases such as amyloidosis, hemochromatosis, and sarcoidosis, which impair ventricular filling due to stiff, non-compliant myocardium.

C. "You probably had a silent heart attack which caused this disorder.": Silent myocardial infarctions can contribute to ischemic cardiomyopathy, typically leading to dilated, not restrictive, changes in the myocardium. They are not a primary cause of restrictive cardiomyopathy.

D. "Your long-standing hypertension caused this disorder.": Chronic hypertension more commonly leads to left ventricular hypertrophy and may contribute to diastolic heart failure, but it is not a typical cause of restrictive cardiomyopathy.

A. Dehydration B. Infection C. Renal insufficiency D. internal bleeding

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Dehydration: The elevated hemoglobin (17 g/dL) and hematocrit (54%), along with an increased BUN (28 mg/dL) and normal creatinine, suggest hemoconcentration, a key indicator of dehydration. Small bowel obstruction often leads to fluid loss through vomiting and third spacing into the bowel, contributing to this condition.

B. Infection: The WBC count is normal at 8.5, which does not support an active infection. Infections typically result in leukocytosis (WBC >10.5), especially in acute abdominal conditions.

C. Renal insufficiency: Although BUN is elevated, creatinine remains normal (1.1 mg/dL). This pattern, particularly with hemoconcentration, supports pre-renal azotemia due to dehydration, not intrinsic renal insufficiency.

D. Internal bleeding: Internal bleeding typically causes a decrease in hemoglobin and hematocrit due to blood loss. The elevated values in this case rule out active bleeding and instead indicate fluid volume deficit.

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WBC	8.5
Hemoglobin	17g/dL
Hematocrit	54%
BUN	28mg/dL
Creatinine	1.1 mg/dL
Potassium	4.9 mEq/L

The nurse understands that sinus tachycardia differs from normal sinus rhythm because:

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The patient with restrictive cardiomyopathy asks the nurse what could have caused this disorder. Which response by the nurse is most accurate?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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