The nurse prepares a list of home care instructions for the parents of a child who has a plaster cast applied to the left forearm. Which instructions would be included on the list? Select all that apply.

Elevate the extremity on pillows for the first 24 to 48 hours after casting to prevent swelling.

Place a heating pad on the lower end of the cast and over the fingers if the fingers feel cold.

Keep small toys and sharp objects away from the cast.

Use a padded ruler or another padded object to scratch the skin under the cast if it itches.

Use the fingertips to lift the cast while it is drying

Contact the primary health care provider (PHCP) If the child complains of numbness or tingling in the extremity

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,C,F

A. Elevate the extremity on pillows for the first 24 to 48 hours after casting to prevent swelling.
Explanation: Elevating the extremity can help reduce swelling, especially in the initial period after casting.
B. Place a heating pad on the lower end of the cast and over the fingers if the fingers feel cold.
Explanation: Applying heat can increase the risk of burns and is not recommended. If the fingers feel cold, it may indicate a circulation issue, and the healthcare provider should be contacted.
C. Keep small toys and sharp objects away from the cast.
Explanation: Keeping small toys and sharp objects away from the cast is important to prevent injury or damage to the cast.
D. Use a padded ruler or another padded object to scratch the skin under the cast if it itches.
Explanation: Inserting objects under the cast can lead to complications, including skin damage or infection. It is advisable not to insert anything into the cast.
E. Use the fingertips to lift the cast while it is drying.
Explanation: Lifting or manipulating the cast during the drying process can compromise its integrity and should be avoided. The cast needs to dry completely to provide proper support and immobilization.
F. Contact the primary health care provider (PHCP) if the child complains of numbness or tingling in the extremity.
Explanation: Numbness or tingling can indicate a circulation problem, and it is important to contact the healthcare provider for further assessment.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Changes in the voice signal the beginning of puberty.
Explanation: Changes in the voice, specifically deepening, are associated with puberty, but they typically occur later in puberty. The voice change is related to the growth of the larynx (Adam's apple) and tends to happen after other physical changes.
B. Gynecomastia commonly occurs during late puberty.
Explanation:
Gynecomastia, the development of breast tissue in males, is a common occurrence during puberty. It is often temporary and tends to happen during late puberty. The enlargement of breast tissue can be a source of concern for adolescent boys, and providing information about the normalcy and temporary nature of gynecomastia can be reassuring for both parents and boys.
C. Puberty might be delayed if scrotal changes have not occurred by the age of 11 years.
Explanation: The timing of pubertal changes can vary among individuals. While certain age ranges are provided as general guidelines, the absence of scrotal changes by a specific age does not necessarily indicate delayed puberty. Puberty is a gradual process with individual variations.
D. Growth spurts in height occur toward the end of midpuberty.
Explanation: Growth spurts in height, known as the adolescent growth spurt, typically occur during midpuberty. This phase is marked by rapid growth in height, changes in body composition, and the development of secondary sexual characteristics.

A. Meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine B. Pneumococcal polysacchande vaccine C. Influenza vaccine D. Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine
Explanation: Meningococcal vaccine is recommended for adolescents, particularly before starting college, as it helps protect against meningococcal disease. The conjugate form of the vaccine is usually preferred over the polysaccharide form.
B. Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine
Explanation: Pneumococcal vaccine is generally recommended for older adults and individuals with specific medical conditions, but it may not be part of routine immunizations for healthy adolescents.
C. Influenza vaccine
Explanation:
Influenza vaccine is recommended annually for adolescents as part of routine immunizations. It helps protect against the seasonal flu, which can cause significant illness and complications.
D. Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine
Explanation: BCG vaccine is primarily used in some countries to prevent tuberculosis. It is not routinely administered in the United States as part of standard immunization schedules for adolescents.

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The nurse prepares a list of home care instructions for the parents of a child who has a plaster cast applied to the left forearm. Which instructions would be included on the list? Select all that apply.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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