The nurse notes that there is a difference in a patient's blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) when the patient changes position from supine to standing. The differences are a decrease of 20 mm Hg in systolic BP, a decrease of 10 mm Hg in diastolic BP, and an increase in the HR of 20 beats/minute.
Which interpretation would the nurse make about the patient's condition?

Hypertensive crisis.

An auscultatory gap.

Resistant hypertension.

Enlarged lymph nodes.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Choice A rationale:

Hypertensive crisis is characterized by severely elevated blood pressure, usually above 180/120 mm Hg. The given differences in blood pressure (a decrease of 20 mm Hg in systolic BP) do not indicate hypertensive crisis.

Choice B rationale:

An auscultatory gap refers to a temporary disappearance of sounds normally heard over the brachial artery during blood pressure measurement. This phenomenon can lead to inaccurate readings and might cause a delay in recognizing the true blood pressure values. In this case, the decrease in systolic BP when changing positions indicates the presence of an auscultatory gap, requiring the nurse to be vigilant during blood pressure measurements.

Choice C rationale:

Resistant hypertension is a term used when blood pressure remains above goal despite concurrent use of three antihypertensive agents of different classes. The given scenario does not indicate resistant hypertension but rather suggests a technical issue during blood pressure measurement due to the auscultatory gap.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A rationale:

The base does interact with acids in the acid-base balance. Bases, by definition, are substances that can accept hydrogen ions (protons) and neutralize acids. In the context of acid-base balance, bases help regulate the pH of body fluids by counteracting the effects of acids.

Choice B rationale:

The role of the base in the acid-base balance is to promote the excretion of acid. Bicarbonate ions (HCO3-) are a vital component of the body's buffering system, helping to neutralize excess acid. The kidneys play a crucial role in excreting acids from the body, maintaining the acid-base balance.

Choice C rationale:

The base does not activate the system of acid-base balance; instead, it is part of the body's natural buffering system. The acid-base balance is regulated by the lungs and kidneys, which work together to maintain the pH of body fluids within a narrow range (7.35-7.45)

Choice D rationale:

Bases do not increase the action of hydrogen ions. In fact, bases neutralize hydrogen ions, which are acidic. By accepting these ions, bases help to decrease the acidity of a solution, playing a key role in maintaining the body's acid-base balance.

A. "I will take my iron supplement with a straw.” B. "I will take my iron supplement at bedtime.” C. "I will take my iron supplement along with meals.” D. "I will take my iron supplement along with orange juice.”

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

The correct answer is choice c. “I will take my iron supplement along with meals.”

Choice A rationale:

Taking iron supplements with a straw is recommended to prevent staining of the teeth, which is a common side effect of liquid iron supplements.

Choice B rationale:

Taking iron supplements at bedtime can be beneficial for some patients, especially if they experience gastrointestinal discomfort when taking iron during the day.

Choice C rationale:

Taking iron supplements with meals can decrease the absorption of iron. Iron is best absorbed on an empty stomach, although it can be taken with food if gastrointestinal upset occurs.

Choice D rationale:

Taking iron supplements with orange juice is recommended because vitamin C enhances the absorption of iron.

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Which role is attributed to the base in the acid-base balance?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

The nurse is teaching a patient about the administration of liquid iron supplements. Which response by the patient indicates the need for additional teaching?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Which arterial blood gas (ABG) data corresponds with a patient's clinical manifestations of respiratory alkalosis?

A patient with thalassemia major who is receiving a blood transfusion shows signs of hemochromatosis.The nurse anticipates a prescription for which medication?

Which information would the nurse include when discussing pain due to chronic stable angina with the patient?

After noting that a patient with leukemia has thrombocytopenia, which action will the nurse plan to take?

A patient who smokes reports chest pain while at rest.Which condition would the nurse suspect the patient is experiencing?

Which finding would the nurse expect to see in a patient with a hemoglobin level of 8 g/dL? Select all that apply.One, some, or all responses may be correct.

A patient's arterial blood gas (ABG) results include a pH of 7.32, a PaCO2 of 56 mm Hg, and an HCO3 of 24 mEq/L. Which acid-base imbalance would the nurse use when developing the patient's plan of care?

A female patient with chronic hypertension is admitted to the emergency department with a sudden rise in blood pressure (BP) Which question is the priority for the nurse to ask the patient?