The nurse notes documentation that a child with meningitis is exhibiting a positive Kernig's sign. Which observation is a characteristic of this sign?

Petechial and purpuric rashes are noted on the child's trunk

Neck flexion causes adduction and flexion movements of the lower extremities

The child is not able to extend the leg when the thigh is flexed anteriorly at the hip

The child complains of muscle and joint pain

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

C. This is characteristic of Kernig's sign. Kernig's sign is elicited when the thigh is flexed at the hip and then attempts to extend the leg at the knee are met with resistance or pain due to inflammation of the meninges.

A. Petechial and purpuric rashes are associated with meningococcal meningitis, not specifically with Kernig's sign. These rashes result from bleeding into the skin and are a characteristic feature of meningococcal sepsis. However, they are not directly related to Kernig's sign.
B. This observation describes Brudzinski's sign, not Kernig's sign. Brudzinski's sign occurs when passive flexion of the neck causes involuntary flexion of the hips and knees due to meningeal irritation.
D. Muscle and joint pain can be symptoms of meningitis, but they are not specific to Kernig's sign. Kernig's sign specifically refers to resistance or pain experienced when attempting to extend the leg at the knee.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

C. Muscle weakness and lack of coordination contribute to difficulties with balance and coordination, leading to frequent falls and clumsiness in children with DMD.

A. DMD typically presents with symptoms such as difficulty climbing stairs, a waddling gait, and calf muscle hypertrophy, rather than atrophy.

B. Delayed fine-motor development is not a typical manifestation of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. DMD primarily affects muscle strength and function rather than fine motor skills.

D. Ambulating by holding onto furniture is not typical in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. As the disease progresses, children with DMD typically experience difficulty walking and may eventually require the use of assistive devices such as wheelchairs or orthoses for mobility.

A. Get the child tested for Reye's syndrome if the child exhibits fever, vomiting, and lethargy. B. Use aspirin instead of acetaminophen for children with viral illness. C. Avoid giving salicylate-containing medications to a child who has viral symptoms. D. Advise parents to have their children immunized against Reye's syndrome.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

C. Salicylates, such as aspirin, should be avoided in children and adolescents with viral symptoms due to the association with Reye's syndrome. Instead, acetaminophen or other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) without salicylates should be used for fever and pain relief.

A. Reye's syndrome typically presents with symptoms such as fever, vomiting, and lethargy. However, there isn't a specific test for Reye's syndrome itself. Diagnosis is often based on clinical symptoms, history of aspirin use, and laboratory findings.

B. Reye's syndrome is associated with the use of aspirin (salicylates) in children and adolescents with viral infections, particularly influenza and chickenpox. Acetaminophen (Tylenol) is recommended instead of aspirin for fever and pain relief in children with viral illnesses.

D. There isn't a specific vaccine for Reye's syndrome. Reye's syndrome is not caused by an infectious agent that can be prevented through vaccination.

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The nurse notes documentation that a child with meningitis is exhibiting a positive Kernig's sign. Which observation is a characteristic of this sign?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

What characteristic manifestation does the nurse caring for a child with Duchenne's muscular dystrophy document?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

The nurse is planning to teach parents about prevention of Reye's syndrome. What information would the nurse include in this teaching?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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