The nurse is teaching a patient recently diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) about the disease. What information should the nurse include?

A. Lean proteins like baked turkey breast are generally well-tolerated by individuals with GERD. Turkey is low in fat, which reduces the likelihood of triggering reflux symptoms.
B. Spaghetti with red sauce can be problematic for individuals with GERD due to the acidity of the tomato sauce, which can exacerbate reflux symptoms. Tomato-based foods are often best avoided or consumed in moderation by those with GERD.
C. Corned beef brisket is high in fat, which can increase the risk of reflux symptoms. Fatty foods, especially those high in saturated fat like corned beef, are known triggers for GERD.
D. Citrus flavors, including lemon, can trigger reflux symptoms in some individuals. However, if the dish is prepared with a small amount of lemon pepper seasoning and does not cause symptoms for the individual, it may be acceptable.

B. Bronchodilators are medications commonly used to relieve bronchospasm and improve airflow in patients with COPD. They work by relaxing the muscles around the airways, making it easier to breathe. Providing bronchodilators as prescribed can help alleviate difficulty breathing and improve the patient's respiratory function.
D. Smoking cessation is essential for patients with COPD as smoking is the leading cause of the disease and can exacerbate respiratory symptoms. Quitting smoking can slow the progression of COPD, reduce the frequency and severity of exacerbations, and improve overall lung function.
E. Corticosteroids are anti-inflammatory medications commonly used to reduce airway inflammation and control exacerbations in patients with COPD. They can help improve breathing and reduce the severity of respiratory symptoms during acute exacerbations.
A. Offering small frequent meals can help reduce the sensation of fullness and bloating, which can sometimes occur in patients with COPD due to increased abdominal pressure from compromised respiratory function. However, this is not specific to COPD.
C. Weaning from oxygen should be done cautiously and under the guidance of healthcare providers but not in the state of difficulty in breathing. Oxygen therapy is often necessary for patients with COPD who experience difficulty breathing, especially during acute exacerbations. Therefore, weaning from oxygen may be appropriate once the patient's respiratory status stabilizes and oxygen saturation levels improve.