The nurse is caring for a patient admitted with COPD, who is having difficulty breathing. Which actions can the nurse take to provide support? Select all that apply

offer small frequent meals

provide bronchodilators, if ordered

wean from oxygen

encourage smoking cessation

administer corticosteroids, if ordered

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : B,D,E

B. Bronchodilators are medications commonly used to relieve bronchospasm and improve airflow in patients with COPD. They work by relaxing the muscles around the airways, making it easier to breathe. Providing bronchodilators as prescribed can help alleviate difficulty breathing and improve the patient's respiratory function.
D. Smoking cessation is essential for patients with COPD as smoking is the leading cause of the disease and can exacerbate respiratory symptoms. Quitting smoking can slow the progression of COPD, reduce the frequency and severity of exacerbations, and improve overall lung function.
E. Corticosteroids are anti-inflammatory medications commonly used to reduce airway inflammation and control exacerbations in patients with COPD. They can help improve breathing and reduce the severity of respiratory symptoms during acute exacerbations.
A. Offering small frequent meals can help reduce the sensation of fullness and bloating, which can sometimes occur in patients with COPD due to increased abdominal pressure from compromised respiratory function. However, this is not specific to COPD.
C. Weaning from oxygen should be done cautiously and under the guidance of healthcare providers but not in the state of difficulty in breathing. Oxygen therapy is often necessary for patients with COPD who experience difficulty breathing, especially during acute exacerbations. Therefore, weaning from oxygen may be appropriate once the patient's respiratory status stabilizes and oxygen saturation levels improve.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Chocolate contains caffeine and cocoa, both of which can relax the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and increase the risk of acid reflux. Additionally, chocolate is high in fat, which can further exacerbate symptoms of GERD. Therefore, chocolate is often recommended to be avoided by individuals with GERD.
B. Oatmeal is generally considered a bland and low-acid food that is unlikely to trigger symptoms of GERD. In fact, oatmeal is often recommended as part of a GERD-friendly diet due to its high fiber content, which can help absorb stomach acid and promote digestive health.
C. Apples are generally considered to be low in acid and high in fiber, making them a relatively safe fruit choice for individuals with GERD. However, some individuals may find that certain varieties of apples or apple products (such as apple juice) can exacerbate their GERD symptoms.
D. Nonfat milk is generally considered to be a low-fat and low-acid beverage that is unlikely to trigger symptoms of GERD. However, some individuals may find that consuming dairy products, including milk, can exacerbate their GERD symptoms.

A. Alpha cells B. Beta cells C. Acinar cells D. Plasma cells

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

B. Beta cells are the pancreatic cells responsible for secreting insulin. Insulin acts to lower blood sugar levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose into cells for energy or storage. In individuals with diabetes mellitus, dysfunction of beta cells can lead to inadequate insulin secretion, resulting in high blood sugar levels.
A. Alpha cells are another type of cell in the pancreas, but they secrete glucagon, not insulin. Glucagon has the opposite effect of insulin, increasing blood sugar levels by stimulating the breakdown of glycogen in the liver.
C. Acinar cells are exocrine cells found in the pancreas that secrete digestive enzymes into the pancreatic ducts. These enzymes aid in the digestion of food in the small intestine. Acinar cells are not involved in the production of insulin.
D. Plasma cells are a type of white blood cell that produces antibodies as part of the immune response. They are not involved in the production of insulin.

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The nurse is caring for a patient admitted with COPD, who is having difficulty breathing. Which actions can the nurse take to provide support? Select all that apply

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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