The nurse is teaching a group of clients about modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Which of the following should the nurse include in the teaching? (Select all that apply)

A. The pupils constrict when the examiner's index finger slowly moves toward the client's nose.

This statement is correct. Visual accommodation is the process by which the eye's lens changes shape to focus on objects at varying distances. When an object moves closer to the eyes, the pupils constrict to adjust and focus on the near object, preventing double vision.

B. The client involuntarily blinks in the presence of bright light directed over the pupils during the eye exam.

This statement describes the pupillary light reflex, not visual accommodation. The pupillary light reflex is the response of the pupils to light exposure.

C. The client's peripheral vision becomes sharper when the examiner shines a light over the pupils.

This statement is not accurate. Peripheral vision sharpness is not related to visual accommodation. Visual accommodation mainly involves adjusting focus for objects at varying distances.

D. The pupils dilate when the examiner's index finger slowly moves toward the client's nose.

This statement is incorrect. Pupils should constrict, not dilate, when focusing on a near object (as in visual accommodation). Dilation occurs in low-light conditions or in response to sympathetic stimulation.

A. Increased temperature: Fluid overload typically doesn't cause an increased temperature. Infections or other inflammatory processes are more likely causes of elevated body temperature.

B. Increased hematocrit: Fluid overload usually results in dilution of blood components, leading to a decreased hematocrit (lower concentration of red blood cells in the blood). An increased hematocrit is not a typical finding in fluid overload.

C. Blood pressure 180/100: Elevated blood pressure can be associated with fluid overload, especially if the overload is chronic. This is a correct assessment finding that requires intervention and monitoring.

D. Respiratory rate 32: An increased respiratory rate can be a sign of respiratory distress, which may occur in severe cases of fluid overload, especially if it leads to pulmonary edema. This is a correct assessment finding that requires intervention and further evaluation.

E. Heart rate 120 bpm: An increased heart rate can be a compensatory mechanism in response to fluid overload, especially if the heart is trying to maintain cardiac output. However, this heart rate alone is not specific enough to confirm fluid overload. Other signs and symptoms, such as edema, increased blood pressure, and respiratory distress, are more indicative of fluid overload.