The nurse is performing an assessment of the clients lungs. The nurse recognizes that the left lung:

Consists of two lobes.

Primarily consists of an upper lobe on the posterior chest.

Is shorter than the right lung because of the underlying stomach.

is divided by the horizontal fissure.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Consists of two lobes.

This statement is correct. The left lung consists of two lobes: the upper lobe and the lower lobe. The right lung, not the left lung, has three lobes: upper, middle, and lower lobes.

B. Primarily consists of an upper lobe on the posterior chest.

This statement is not accurate. The upper lobe of the left lung is present in the anterior and posterior parts of the chest. It is not limited to the posterior chest.

C. Is shorter than the right lung because of the underlying stomach.

This statement is not correct. The left lung is not shorter due to the underlying stomach. The left lung is slightly smaller than the right lung to accommodate the space for the heart, but this size difference is not due to the stomach.

D. Is divided by the horizontal fissure.

This statement is not accurate. The left lung is not divided by the horizontal fissure. The horizontal fissure is a feature of the right lung, not the left lung. The left lung is divided by the oblique fissure into the upper and lower lobes

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. The third heart sound (S3):

The third heart sound (S3) is an abnormal heart sound that occurs during early diastole, immediately after S2 (the second heart sound). It is caused by the rapid filling of the ventricles and is often associated with conditions like heart failure. In heart failure, the ventricles become stiff, causing vibrations that produce the S3 sound.

B. A friction rub:

A friction rub is a high-pitched, scratchy sound heard during both systole and diastole. It is caused by the rubbing together of inflamed pericardial layers (pericarditis) and is usually heard best at the left lower sternal border. Friction rubs can indicate pericardial inflammation and are often heard in conditions such as pericarditis or after a myocardial infarction.

C. The fourth heart sound (S4):

The fourth heart sound (S4) occurs late in diastole, just before S1, and is caused by atrial contraction. It is associated with increased resistance to ventricular filling, often due to conditions like hypertension or aortic stenosis. The S4 sound is heard as a low-pitched "atrial gallop."

D. A split second heart sound S2:

The second heart sound (S2) represents the closure of the aortic and pulmonic valves. Normally, S2 has two components: A2 (aortic valve closure) and P2 (pulmonic valve closure). A split S2 occurs when A2 and P2 do not close simultaneously. A physiological split S2 is common during inspiration and occurs due to delayed closure of the pulmonic valve. An abnormal or fixed split S2 can indicate underlying heart conditions such as atrial septal defect (ASD) or right bundle branch block (RBBB).

A. Wheezes B. Whispered pectoriloquy C. Bronchial sounds D. Bronchophony

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Wheezes:

Wheezes are continuous, high-pitched, whistling lung sounds that are heard especially during expiration and sometimes during inspiration. They are caused by the rapid movement of air through narrowed or constricted airways, which is common in conditions like asthma. Wheezing is a characteristic adventitious sound associated with asthma and other obstructive respiratory disorders.

B. Whispered Pectoriloquy:

Whispered Pectoriloquy is an increased loudness of whispering noted during auscultation with a stethoscope on the lung fields. This phenomenon occurs when sound is transmitted clearly through consolidated or compressed lung tissue, making whispered sounds more distinct. It is a sign of lung consolidation, often seen in conditions like pneumonia.

C. Bronchial Sounds:

Bronchial sounds are harsh, high-pitched sounds heard over the trachea and the large bronchi. These sounds are normally heard during expiration. If they are heard over peripheral lung areas, it can indicate consolidation or compression of lung tissue, possibly due to pneumonia or tumor.

D. Bronchophony:

Bronchophony is a phenomenon in which spoken sounds are heard more clearly and distinctly through the stethoscope on auscultation of the lungs. Normally, sounds are muffled during auscultation. Increased clarity of spoken sounds can indicate lung consolidation, similar to whispered pectoriloquy, and is often associated with conditions like pneumonia.

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The nurse is performing an assessment of the clients lungs. The nurse recognizes that the left lung:

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Explanation

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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