The nurse is reviewing the client's medical record.

Procedures

Planned endoscopy at 1300.

The nurse is assisting with the care of the client prior to a blood transfusion. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

Select all that apply.

The correct answer is Choice A, Hot cocoa.

Choice A rationale:

Hot cocoa contains the least amount of caffeine among the options provided.A standard 240 mL (8 oz) cup of hot cocoa contains approximately 5 mg of caffeine. This is significantly less than the other beverages listed. Hot cocoa is made by adding cocoa powder and sugar or chocolate syrup to hot milk.The drink contains very little cacao, so the caffeine content is very low. Therefore, if a client is looking to reduce their dietary caffeine intake, hot cocoa would be a suitable choice.

Choice B rationale:

A cola soft drink contains more caffeine than hot cocoa.A standard 240 mL (8 oz) serving of a cola soft drink contains approximately 24-31 mg of caffeine. Cola is a popular flavor of soda around the world.Although the kola nut, from which the flavor of cola soda comes from, does naturally contain caffeine, the majority of the caffeine in cola is added by the manufacturer. Therefore, a cola soft drink would not be the best choice for a client looking to reduce their caffeine intake.

Choice C rationale:

Instant coffee contains even more caffeine.A standard 240 mL (8 oz) cup of instant coffee contains approximately 57-96 mg of caffeine.With instant coffee, caffeine measurements are based on the amount of the instant coffee powder used to make the drink. The caffeine content of coffee itself varies enormously.According to the USDA, 1 rounded teaspoon of instant coffee (1.8 grams in weight) contains 57 mg of caffeine.No matter how much water, milk, or creamer you add to the coffee - the amount of caffeine will remain the same. Therefore, instant coffee would not be a suitable choice for a client looking to reduce their caffeine intake.

Choice D rationale:

Brewed green tea also contains more caffeine than hot cocoa.An 8-ounce (240 mL) cup of green tea generally supplies around 20 to 45 milligrams of caffeine.This makes green tea a gentler alternative in terms of caffeine content, suitable for those who prefer a milder pick-me-up. However, it still contains more caffeine than hot cocoa. Therefore, while green tea is a healthier choice compared to cola soft drinks and instant coffee, it still contains more caffeine than hot cocoa.

Informed consent is a crucial aspect of the patient's rights and autonomy in healthcare. It involves the voluntary and knowledgeable agreement of a competent individual to undergo a specific medical intervention or procedure. The provider is responsible for explaining the procedure, its potential risks and benefits, alternative options, and any potential complications to the patient. Once the patient has received this information and has had an opportunity to ask questions, they can provide their consent by signing the informed consent form.

"We can accept verbal consent unless the surgical procedure is an emergency." Verbal consent is generally not sufficient for most non-emergency surgical procedures. Informed consent typically requires a written documentation, signed by the patient or their legally authorized representative, to ensure clarity, accountability, and legal protection.

"We require informed consent for all routine treatments." Informed consent is typically required for invasive procedures, surgeries, and treatments with potential risks. Routine treatments that are considered low risk and part of standard care may not require explicit informed consent.

However, it is still important for healthcare providers to inform and involve patients in their care decisions.

"A family member must witness your signature on the informed consent form." While it is often beneficial to have a witness to the patient's informed consent, it does not necessarily have to be a family member. The witness can be any competent individual who can attest to the patient's signing of the form and their understanding of the procedure.