The nurse is monitoring a client who was diagnosed with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and is being treated with NPH and regular insulin. Which manifestations alert the nurse to the presence of a possible hypoglycemic reaction? (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY)
Nervousness
Tremors
Irritability
Anorexia
Hot, dry skin
Muscle cramps
Correct Answer : A,B,C
A. Nervousness:
Explanation: Correct. Nervousness is a common symptom of hypoglycemia.
B. Tremors:
Explanation: Correct. Tremors or shakiness can occur with hypoglycemia.
C. Irritability:
Explanation: Correct. Irritability is one of the signs of hypoglycemia.
D. Anorexia:
Explanation: Anorexia or loss of appetite is a possible symptom of hypoglycemia but not as commonly observed as other symptoms.
E. Hot, dry skin:
Explanation: Hot, dry skin is not typically associated with hypoglycemia. Diaphoresis or sweating is more common.
F. Muscle cramps:
Explanation: Muscle cramps are not typical symptoms of hypoglycemia.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Development of a buffalo hump and moon face:
This is associated with Cushing's syndrome, a disorder characterized by prolonged exposure to high levels of cortisol.
B. Central obesity and purple striations:
Also indicative of Cushing's syndrome, where excess cortisol can lead to the accumulation of fat in the abdominal area (central obesity) and the development of purple stretch marks (striae).
C. Sudden weight loss without dieting:
This is more characteristic of hyperthyroidism, where the thyroid gland is overactive, leading to increased metabolism and unintended weight loss.
D. Positive Trousseau's sign when checking the client's blood pressure:
Trousseau's sign is associated with hypocalcemia and is seen in conditions affecting the parathyroid gland rather than the thyroid. It involves carpal spasm induced by inflating a blood pressure cuff above the systolic pressure for a few minutes.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. The need to monitor urine for the presence of albumin:
Explanation: Monitoring urine for albumin is more associated with microvascular complications, particularly diabetic nephropathy. When the kidneys are affected, albumin may leak into the urine. This is not a macrovascular complication.
B. The relationship between kidney function and blood glucose levels:
Explanation: The relationship between kidney function and blood glucose levels is important, but it is more directly related to microvascular complications, particularly diabetic nephropathy. High blood glucose levels over time can damage the small blood vessels in the kidneys.
C. The need for frequent eye examinations for clients with diabetes:
Explanation: This is related to microvascular complications, specifically diabetic retinopathy. Changes in the small blood vessels of the retina can lead to vision problems. While important, it's not directly addressing macrovascular complications.
D. The fact that clients with diabetes have an elevated risk of myocardial infarction:
Explanation: This is the correct answer. Macrovascular complications involve large blood vessels and are associated with conditions such as coronary artery disease, which increases the risk of myocardial infarction in individuals with diabetes.
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