The nurse is caring for several patients in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Which of the following patients is at the greatest risk of anoxic brain injury?

A patient who was in an assault resulting in basilar skull fracture.

A patient who was found face down in water for an unknown length of time.

A patient who suffered an epidural or subdural hematoma.

A patient who experienced prolonged seizures without regaining consciousness.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Choice A rationale

Basilar skull fractures can lead to cerebral injuries and CSF leaks, but do not typically cause anoxic brain injury unless they compromise oxygenation or cause cerebral edema severely reducing blood flow.

Choice B rationale

Prolonged submersion compromises oxygen delivery, leading to diffuse cerebral hypoxia or anoxia, the primary cause of brain injury in drowning victims due to interruption of arterial oxygenation over unknown durations.

Choice C rationale

Epidural or subdural hematomas elevate intracranial pressure and compress brain tissue, but they are not as immediately hypoxic as situations involving complete oxygen deprivation like submersion.

Choice D rationale

Prolonged seizures, or status epilepticus, may disrupt normal metabolic processes, potentially causing neuronal injury. However, primary hypoxia is generally less pronounced than in submersion cases.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A rationale

Kaposi's Sarcoma is a vascular malignancy associated with AIDS caused by human herpesvirus 8. It presents as purple or brown skin lesions due to abnormal angiogenesis and endothelial proliferation in immunocompromised patients.

Choice B rationale

Candidiasis stomatitis typically manifests as white patches on the mucosa due to fungal overgrowth, not purple or brown spots. It is caused by Candida species, commonly seen in immunosuppressed individuals.

Choice C rationale

Cryptosporidiosis primarily leads to gastrointestinal symptoms such as watery diarrhea due to parasitic infection in AIDS patients, but does not cause purple or brown spots on the skin.

Choice D rationale

Meningitis causes inflammation of the meninges, leading to symptoms like headache, stiff neck, and fever. It does not present with purple or brown lesions on the skin.

A. Increase a feeling of well-being in HIV+ patients. B. Help improve immune function. C. Maintain patient's strength and ability to care for oneself. D. Prevent transmission of the virus to others. E. Eliminate the virus from the body.

Correct Answer is ["A","B","C"]

Explanation

Choice A rationale

Proper nutrition, exercise, and stress reduction enhance psychological well-being, stimulating endorphin release, which improves mood and resilience, essential for managing chronic conditions like HIV.

Choice B rationale

These factors bolster immune function by reducing cortisol levels that impair immunity, supporting T-cell activity and promoting resistance against opportunistic infections common in HIV patients.

Choice C rationale

Maintaining strength and independence aids patients in daily functioning, reducing dependency and enhancing self-efficacy, which is critical for long-term adherence to therapeutic regimens in HIV.

Choice D rationale

Preventing virus transmission requires safe practices, not lifestyle changes alone. Nutrition and exercise cannot alter transmission mechanisms like exposure to body fluids.

Choice E rationale

Eliminating HIV completely necessitates antiretroviral therapy and advancements in medical science; lifestyle modifications alone are insufficient against viral integration within host DNA.

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The nurse is caring for several patients in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Which of the following patients is at the greatest risk of anoxic brain injury?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The patient diagnosed with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) states that they have developed purple, brown spots on their body.Which opportunistic infection does the nurse suspect?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

The nurse should educate clients who are HIV+ on proper nutrition, exercise, and stress reduction because these factors will: (Select All that Apply.)

Correct Answer is ["A","B","C"]

Explanation

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