A nurse is the first person on the scene of a motor vehicle accident.
The victim was the driver and is in the driver's seat unconscious.
The driver is breathing, has a pulse, and has minor lacerations on the head and face.
What action should the nurse implement first?

Stabilize the cervical spine until help arrives.

Control any external bleeding.

Use the head tilt chin lift method to maintain the airway.

Do not move the victim from the accident.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A rationale

Stabilizing the cervical spine prevents further spinal injury in case of vertebral damage, which is a priority when managing trauma patients until specialized medical care becomes available.

Choice B rationale

While controlling bleeding is essential, it is secondary to stabilizing the cervical spine since the airway and neurological protection take precedence in trauma protocols.

Choice C rationale

The head tilt chin lift method should not be used if cervical spine injury is suspected, as it may exacerbate potential damage to the vertebrae or spinal cord.

Choice D rationale

While not moving the victim is critical, stabilization of the cervical spine is the primary intervention to prevent further injury before emergency assistance arrives.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A rationale

Kaposi's Sarcoma is a vascular malignancy associated with AIDS caused by human herpesvirus 8. It presents as purple or brown skin lesions due to abnormal angiogenesis and endothelial proliferation in immunocompromised patients.

Choice B rationale

Candidiasis stomatitis typically manifests as white patches on the mucosa due to fungal overgrowth, not purple or brown spots. It is caused by Candida species, commonly seen in immunosuppressed individuals.

Choice C rationale

Cryptosporidiosis primarily leads to gastrointestinal symptoms such as watery diarrhea due to parasitic infection in AIDS patients, but does not cause purple or brown spots on the skin.

Choice D rationale

Meningitis causes inflammation of the meninges, leading to symptoms like headache, stiff neck, and fever. It does not present with purple or brown lesions on the skin.

A. Sharp, stabbing acute pain in the affected eye. B. Total loss of vision. C. A curtain-like loss of vision in the affected eye. D. Yellow discoloration of the sclera.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A rationale

Detached retina typically does not present with sharp, stabbing pain. Instead, patients experience painless symptoms like vision abnormalities due to separation of the retina from supporting tissue.

Choice B rationale

Total vision loss is rare with a detached retina unless extensive damage occurs. Partial visual disruption, such as curtain-like vision loss, is a hallmark symptom.

Choice C rationale

A curtain-like loss of vision arises from retinal detachment, disrupting visual fields as the retina separates from its vascular supply and neural connections.

Choice D rationale

Yellow sclera discoloration is associated with jaundice due to bilirubin accumulation, unrelated to retinal detachment pathology, which affects visual symptoms and not scleral appearance.

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A nurse is the first person on the scene of a motor vehicle accident.The victim was the driver and is in the driver's seat unconscious.The driver is breathing, has a pulse, and has minor lacerations on the head and face.What action should the nurse implement first?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The patient diagnosed with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) states that they have developed purple, brown spots on their body.Which opportunistic infection does the nurse suspect?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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A nurse is the first person on the scene of a motor vehicle accident.
The victim was the driver and is in the driver's seat unconscious.
The driver is breathing, has a pulse, and has minor lacerations on the head and face.
What action should the nurse implement first?