The nurse is caring for several clients on a hospital unit. Which of the following clients is most at risk for hypoglycemia?
A client with type 1 diabetes mellitus who has taken a high dose of insulin
A client who has type 2 diabetes and has not taken any medication
An older adult client taking an antibiotic for an infection
A client who has metabolic syndrome and is taking a statin drug to lower cholesterol levels
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A reason: A client with type 1 diabetes mellitus who has taken a high dose of insulin is at significant risk for hypoglycemia. In type 1 diabetes, the body does not produce insulin, so insulin therapy is essential for controlling blood glucose levels. However, if the dose of insulin is too high relative to the patient's dietary intake or physical activity level, it can lead to a rapid decrease in blood glucose levels, resulting in hypoglycemia. Hypoglycemia is defined as a blood glucose level less than 70 mg/dL (3.9 mmol/L) and can cause symptoms such as confusion, sweating, weakness, and in severe cases, seizures or loss of consciousness.
Choice B reason: A client with type 2 diabetes who has not taken any medication may have elevated blood glucose levels but is not typically at immediate risk for hypoglycemia unless they are taking medications that lower blood glucose. Type 2 diabetes is characterized by insulin resistance, and while medication can help manage it, skipping medication does not usually result in hypoglycemia unless other factors are at play.
Choice C reason: An older adult client taking an antibiotic for an infection is not generally at risk for hypoglycemia unless the antibiotic interacts with other medications that the client is taking for diabetes management. Antibiotics themselves do not typically cause hypoglycemia.
Choice D reason: A client who has metabolic syndrome and is taking a statin drug to lower cholesterol levels is not at direct risk for hypoglycemia from the statin medication. Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of conditions that increase the risk for heart disease, stroke, and type 2 diabetes. While statins are used to lower cholesterol levels, they do not have a direct impact on blood glucose levels that would lead to hypoglycemia.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: Decreased urinary output is not a direct indicator of morphine's effectiveness in acute heart failure. While morphine can lead to urinary retention, this is generally considered a side effect rather than an intended therapeutic outcome.
Choice B reason: Emesis, or vomiting, of 250 mL is not an indication of morphine's effectiveness. In fact, nausea and vomiting are common side effects of morphine and other opioids. If emesis occurs, it may necessitate further intervention.
Choice C reason: Decreased anxiety is a sign that the morphine is effective. Morphine has anxiolytic properties, meaning it can help alleviate anxiety, which is beneficial in acute heart failure where anxiety can exacerbate symptoms like shortness of breath.
Choice D reason: An increased respiratory rate to 26/min is not an indication of morphine's effectiveness and is a cause for concern. Morphine can depress the respiratory system, and an increased respiratory rate may indicate compensation for hypoxemia or the onset of adverse effects.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: While bladder control issues can significantly affect a client's quality of life, they are typically managed by a urologist or a specialist in continence, rather than an occupational therapist. Occupational therapy focuses on improving the ability to perform activities of daily living (ADLs), which generally does not include bladder control.
Choice B reason: Difficulty swallowing, known as dysphagia, can be a symptom of myasthenia gravis due to muscle weakness. Although it is a serious concern, it is usually managed with the help of a speech therapist who specializes in swallowing difficulties, rather than an occupational therapist.
Choice C reason: Having a hard time with brushing hair is directly related to the performance of ADLs, which is the primary focus of occupational therapy. An occupational therapist can assist the client by teaching energy conservation techniques, providing adaptive equipment, and modifying the task to make it easier for the client to maintain personal grooming independently.
Choice D reason: Preferring a wheelchair over a walker is a matter of mobility and personal preference. While occupational therapy can help with mobility issues, this statement alone does not indicate a need for occupational therapy unless the client has difficulty performing ADLs due to the choice of mobility aid.
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