The nurse is caring for several clients on a hospital unit. Which of the following clients is most at risk for hypoglycemia?

Choice A reason: A client with type 1 diabetes mellitus who has taken a high dose of insulin is at significant risk for hypoglycemia. In type 1 diabetes, the body does not produce insulin, so insulin therapy is essential for controlling blood glucose levels. However, if the dose of insulin is too high relative to the patient's dietary intake or physical activity level, it can lead to a rapid decrease in blood glucose levels, resulting in hypoglycemia. Hypoglycemia is defined as a blood glucose level less than 70 mg/dL (3.9 mmol/L) and can cause symptoms such as confusion, sweating, weakness, and in severe cases, seizures or loss of consciousness.

Choice B reason: A client with type 2 diabetes who has not taken any medication may have elevated blood glucose levels but is not typically at immediate risk for hypoglycemia unless they are taking medications that lower blood glucose. Type 2 diabetes is characterized by insulin resistance, and while medication can help manage it, skipping medication does not usually result in hypoglycemia unless other factors are at play.

Choice C reason: An older adult client taking an antibiotic for an infection is not generally at risk for hypoglycemia unless the antibiotic interacts with other medications that the client is taking for diabetes management. Antibiotics themselves do not typically cause hypoglycemia.

Choice D reason: A client who has metabolic syndrome and is taking a statin drug to lower cholesterol levels is not at direct risk for hypoglycemia from the statin medication. Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of conditions that increase the risk for heart disease, stroke, and type 2 diabetes. While statins are used to lower cholesterol levels, they do not have a direct impact on blood glucose levels that would lead to hypoglycemia.

Choice A reason: Gurgling bowel sounds every 10 seconds are considered normal, as normoactive bowel sounds range from 5 to 30 sounds per minute. This finding indicates regular gastrointestinal activity and is not typically a cause for concern.

Choice B reason: A centrally located umbilical protrusion can be a normal finding, especially if it has been present since birth and is not associated with any other symptoms. However, if new or associated with pain or other symptoms, it could indicate a hernia or other pathology.

Choice C reason: Abdominal distention during breathing can be a normal finding, as the abdomen may distend slightly during deep breathing due to the movement of the diaphragm. However, if the distention is pronounced or associated with other symptoms, it may warrant further investigation.

Choice D reason: Rebound tenderness with palpation is a sign of peritoneal irritation and can be an indication of conditions such as appendicitis, which is a surgical emergency. This finding should be considered a priority as it may require immediate intervention.