The nurse is caring for a patient on a telemetry unit who has a regular heart rhythm and rate of 60 beats/min; a P wave precedes each QRS complex, and the PR interval is 0.20 seconds. Additional vital signs are: blood pressure 118/68 mm Hg, respiratory rate 16 breaths/min, and temperature 98.8°F (37°C). All of these medications are available on the medication record. What action will the nurse take?

Choice A Reason:

The client who displays plantar flexion when the bottom of the foot is stroked is exhibiting a normal reflex response known as the plantar reflex. This response indicates that the corticospinal tract is functioning properly. In adults, the normal response is plantar flexion of the toes, which means the toes curl downward. This is not an immediate cause for concern and does not indicate a life-threatening condition.

Choice B Reason:

The client who consistently demonstrates decortication when stimulated is showing signs of severe brain injury. Decorticate posturing is characterized by the arms being flexed at the elbows and held tightly to the chest, with the legs extended and feet turned inward. This type of posturing indicates damage to the cerebral hemispheres, thalamus, or midbrain. While this is a serious condition, it is not necessarily the most immediate priority compared to a sudden change in the Glasgow Coma Scale.

Choice C Reason:

The client whose Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) has changed from 15 to 12 is the nurse’s first priority. The GCS is a critical tool used to assess a patient’s level of consciousness, with scores ranging from 3 (deep coma) to 15 (fully awake and alert). A drop in GCS score indicates a significant decline in neurological function, which could be due to increased intracranial pressure, bleeding, or other acute changes in the brain. This requires immediate assessment and intervention to prevent further deterioration.

Choice D Reason:

The client whose deep tendon reflexes have become hyperactive is showing signs of hyperreflexia. Hyperactive reflexes can indicate an upper motor neuron lesion, which affects the descending corticospinal tract. While this is a concerning sign that warrants further investigation, it is not as immediately critical as a sudden change in the GCS score.

Choice A reason: Consuming a high-protein diet is not typically recommended for clients with hepatitis B. While protein is essential for overall health, excessive protein intake can put additional strain on the liver. Instead, a balanced diet with adequate carbohydrates, fruits, and vegetables is advised to support liver function.

Choice B reason: Resting frequently throughout the day is crucial for clients with hepatitis B. The liver is responsible for many vital functions, including detoxification, protein synthesis, and the production of biochemicals necessary for digestion. When the liver is inflamed or damaged, as in hepatitis B, it needs ample rest to recover and function properly.

Choice C reason: Clients with hepatitis B should not donate blood. Hepatitis B is a bloodborne virus, and donating blood can transmit the infection to others. Blood donation guidelines strictly prohibit individuals with hepatitis B from donating blood, regardless of the time elapsed since completing medication.

Choice D reason: Taking acetaminophen every 4 hours for discomfort is not advisable for clients with hepatitis B. Acetaminophen is metabolized by the liver, and excessive use can lead to liver damage. Clients with liver conditions should use acetaminophen sparingly and under medical supervision to avoid exacerbating liver damage.