The nurse is caring for a diabetic patient in renal failure who is in metabolic acidosis. Which laboratory findings are consistent with metabolic acidosis?

pH 7.35, PaCO2 40 mm Hg, HCO3-25 mEq/L

pH 7.32, PaCO2 47 mm Hg. HCO3-23 mEq/L

pH 7.3, PaCO2 36 mm Hg. HCO3- 19 mEq/L

pH 7.5, PaCO2 35 mm Hg, HCO3- 35 mEq/L

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A.   pH 7.35, PaCO2 40 mm Hg, HCO3-25 mEq/L: This is within normal ranges and does not indicate acidosis.
B.   pH 7.32, PaCO2 47 mm Hg. HCO3-23 mEq/L: This indicates respiratory acidosis, not metabolic.
C.   pH 7.3, PaCO2 36 mm Hg. HCO3- 19 mEq/L: This indicates metabolic acidosis. The pH is low (acidic), and the HCO3- (bicarbonate) is decreased. The PaCO2 is within normal limits, indicating the respiratory system is compensating for the metabolic acidosis.
D.   pH 7.5, PaCO2 35 mm Hg, HCO3- 35 mEq/L: This indicates alkalosis, not acidosis.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Alcohol can affect blood clotting mechanisms and increase the risk of bleeding. Chronic alcohol consumption is associated with liver dysfunction, which impairs the production of clotting factors, leading to an increased risk of bleeding during and after surgery.
B. Alcohol consumption does not decrease the risk of postoperative infection. In fact, alcohol use, especially if it’s chronic, can impair the immune system and delay wound healing, potentially increasing the risk of postoperative infections.
C. Alcohol does not enhance the effectiveness of anesthesia; rather, it can complicate anesthesia management. Alcohol can interact with anesthetic agents, potentially altering their effects, leading to unpredictable outcomes.
D. Alcohol does not reduce the risk of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). In fact, alcohol use can exacerbate nausea and vomiting, particularly when combined with anesthetic agents.

A. Heart murmur B. Crackles in lungs C. Chest pain D. Peripheral edema

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Murmurs are usually related to valve dysfunctions, such as tricuspid or pulmonic valve issues, which may or may not be present in right-sided heart failure.
B. Crackles (or rales) are more commonly associated with left-sided heart failure. They result from fluid accumulation in the lungs (pulmonary congestion) due to the heart's inability to handle the blood returning from the lungs.

C. Chest pain can occur in various cardiac conditions but is not a hallmark symptom of right-sided heart failure. It might be present if there are underlying coronary artery disease issues or other conditions, but it is not directly indicative of right-sided heart failure.
D. Peripheral edema is a classic finding in right-sided heart failure. It results from fluid accumulation in the lower extremities due to the heart's inability to effectively pump blood to the lungs and systemic circulation, causing increased venous pressure and fluid leakage into the tissues.

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The nurse is caring for a diabetic patient in renal failure who is in metabolic acidosis. Which laboratory findings are consistent with metabolic acidosis?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Which of the following is a potential consequence of consuming alcohol prior to an outpatient surgical procedure involving anesthesia?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A nurse is assessing a client who has right-sided heart failure. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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