The nurse is caring for a diabetic patient in renal failure who is in metabolic acidosis. Which laboratory findings are consistent with metabolic acidosis?

pH 7.35, PaCO2 40 mm Hg, HCO3-25 mEq/L

pH 7.32, PaCO2 47 mm Hg. HCO3-23 mEq/L

pH 7.3, PaCO2 36 mm Hg. HCO3- 19 mEq/L

pH 7.5, PaCO2 35 mm Hg, HCO3- 35 mEq/L

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A.   pH 7.35, PaCO2 40 mm Hg, HCO3-25 mEq/L: This is within normal ranges and does not indicate acidosis.
B.   pH 7.32, PaCO2 47 mm Hg. HCO3-23 mEq/L: This indicates respiratory acidosis, not metabolic.
C.   pH 7.3, PaCO2 36 mm Hg. HCO3- 19 mEq/L: This indicates metabolic acidosis. The pH is low (acidic), and the HCO3- (bicarbonate) is decreased. The PaCO2 is within normal limits, indicating the respiratory system is compensating for the metabolic acidosis.
D.   pH 7.5, PaCO2 35 mm Hg, HCO3- 35 mEq/L: This indicates alkalosis, not acidosis.

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Correct Answer is ["B","C","D"]

Explanation

A. Abdominal distension is not typically associated with hypokalemia.
B. Often described as pins and needles, this is a common symptom of hypokalemia.
C. Specifically, the appearance of a U wave is a characteristic sign of hypokalemia.
D. Potassium is essential for muscle function, so low levels can lead to weakness.
E. Peak T wave on EKG is associated with hyperkalemia, not hypokalemia.

A. Lymphocytes B. Neutrophils C. Platelets D. Hemoglobin

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Lymphocytes are a type of white blood cell that plays a crucial role in the immune system, specifically in the response to infections and in immune regulation. They do not have a role in the transport of oxygen in the blood.
B. Neutrophils are another type of white blood cell that is essential for fighting bacterial infections. They are part of the body's immune response but do not transport oxygen.
C. Platelets are small cell fragments that are crucial for blood clotting and wound repair. They do not have a role in oxygen transport.
D. Hemoglobin is the primary molecule responsible for transporting oxygen in the blood. It is a protein found in red blood cells (erythrocytes) that binds to oxygen in the lungs and releases it in tissues throughout the body. Hemoglobin carries the majority of oxygen in the bloodstream and is essential for effective oxygen transport and delivery.

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The nurse is caring for a diabetic patient in renal failure who is in metabolic acidosis. Which laboratory findings are consistent with metabolic acidosis?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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