A nurse is planning care for a client who has hypernatremia. Which of the following IV solutions should the nurse plan to initiate?

Dextran 40

Dextrose 5 in water

Dextrose 10% in water

25% albumin

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A.   Dextran 40 is a plasma volume expander and not used for correcting hypernatremia.
B.   Hypernatremia indicates a deficit of water relative to sodium. Providing hypotonic solutions like Dextrose 5 in water helps to dilute the sodium concentration in the body fluids, effectively treating hypernatremia.
C.   Dextrose 10% in water is a hypertonic solution and would exacerbate hypernatremia by increasing the concentration of sodium in the body fluids.
D.   25% albumin is a hypertonic solution and would exacerbate hypernatremia by increasing the concentration of sodium in the body fluids.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. While obesity can contribute to certain health conditions, it is not a direct risk factor for the formation of renal calculi.
B. Proteinuria may indicate kidney dysfunction, but it is not a direct risk factor for the formation of renal calculi.
C. Iron deficiency is not directly associated with an increased risk of renal calculi formation.
D. Dehydration can lead to concentrated urine, which increases the risk of crystal formation and subsequently the formation of renal calculi.

A. Administer oral corticosteroids. B. Weigh the client daily. C. Provide a low-carbohydrate diet. D. Restrict fluid intake

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Administering corticosteroids is crucial during an Addisonian crisis but typically involves intravenous corticosteroids (not oral) during the crisis to quickly restore hormone levels. Oral corticosteroids are part of regular maintenance therapy but not an immediate intervention in the crisis.

B. Weighing the client daily is important to monitor for potential fluid loss, dehydration, or weight changes related to Addison's disease and Addisonian crisis. Clients with Addison’s disease may experience fluid and electrolyte imbalances, so daily weight tracking helps detect early signs of fluid shifts, which are critical in crisis prevention and management.

C. A low-carbohydrate diet is not recommended for clients with Addison’s disease, as they may need a balanced diet with sufficient carbohydrates to prevent hypoglycemia.

D. Fluid intake should not be restricted; rather, maintaining adequate hydration is vital. Clients in Addisonian crisis are often at risk for dehydration due to fluid losses and low aldosterone levels, making fluid replacement essential.

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A nurse is planning care for a client who has hypernatremia. Which of the following IV solutions should the nurse plan to initiate?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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