The nurse is caring for a client admitted with an obstruction in the duodenum. Which initial clinical manifestation is associated with this condition?
Severe abdominal distention and cramping
Vomiting of fecal material and absent bowel sounds
Ribbon-like stools and mild discomfort
Crampy abdominal pain, wavelike and colicky
The Correct Answer is D
D. The initial clinical manifestation associated with an obstruction in the duodenum is crampy abdominal pain, wavelike, and colicky. This discomfort occurs due to the blockage of the small intestine, leading to spasms and pain as the body tries to move contents past the obstruction.
A. Severe abdominal distention and cramping can occur with various gastrointestinal conditions, including an obstruction in the duodenum. However, this manifestation is not specific to duodenal obstruction and can occur with obstructions at other locations in the gastrointestinal tract.
B. Vomiting of fecal material, known as feculent vomiting, is a hallmark sign of a complete obstruction in the lower gastrointestinal tract.
C. Ribbon-like stools are more commonly associated with conditions affecting the lower gastrointestinal tract, such as colorectal cancer or irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Alpha adrenergic blockers are medications commonly used to help control symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) by relaxing the muscles of the prostate and bladder neck, thereby improving urine flow and reducing urinary symptoms such as hesitancy, urgency, and frequency.
B. Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is not cancerous and does not typically progress to prostate cancer. While both BPH and prostate cancer involve growth of the prostate gland, they are distinct conditions with different risk factors, symptoms, and treatment approaches.
C. In some cases, if symptoms of BPH are severe or do not respond to medication, surgical management may be necessary. Common surgical procedures for BPH include transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) or laser prostatectomy.
D. There are several nonsurgical treatment options available for BPH, including alpha adrenergic blockers, 5-alpha reductase inhibitors, combination therapy, and minimally invasive procedures such as transurethral microwave thermotherapy (TUMT) or prostatic artery embolization (PAE).
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
C. The expected effect of TPN is to maintain or promote weight gain in clients who are unable to meet their nutritional needs orally. TPN provides essential nutrients directly into the bloodstream, allowing for adequate caloric intake to support energy needs and promote tissue repair and growth.
A. A serum white blood cell count of 16,000/mm3 indicates leukocytosis, which may suggest infection or inflammation rather than a direct effect of TPN.
B. Pre-albumin is a marker of nutritional status, and levels below 10 mg/dl typically indicate malnutrition rather than a positive response to TPN.
D. Negative nitrogen balance occurs when the body loses more nitrogen than it gains, typically due to inadequate protein intake or increased protein breakdown. TPN provides amino acids, which are the building blocks of protein, and aims to promote a positive nitrogen balance to support tissue repair and growth.
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