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The nurse is caring for a 32-year-old female patient coming to the clinic with peripheral edema, periorbital edema, and flank pain. Use the chart to answer the questions.

Exhibits

Which items should the nurse include when teaching the patient and family about dialysis? Select all that apply.

signs of polycythemia

Need for fluid restrictions

Obtain a daily weight

Frequent oral care

Normal protein in the diet

Avoid nephrotoxic substances

Decrease sodium in the diet

Close monitoring of urine output

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : B,C,D,E,G,H

A.   Polycythemia (an abnormally high red blood cell count) is not typically a primary concern in dialysis patients; instead, they are more often monitored for anemia.
B.   Dialysis patients often need to restrict fluid intake to prevent fluid overload, which can exacerbate edema and cause additional cardiovascular strain.
C.   Daily weight monitoring is crucial for dialysis patients to track fluid balance and detect any sudden changes that might indicate fluid retention or loss.
D.   Frequent oral care is important to prevent infections, particularly because dialysis patients are at increased risk due to their compromised immune systems and possible fluid restrictions, which can lead to dry mouth and other oral health issues.
E.   Dialysis patients may need a modified protein intake, depending on their specific needs and the type of dialysis (hemodialysis vs. peritoneal dialysis). Protein needs can vary, so it is essential to follow the specific dietary recommendations provided by a healthcare provider.
F.   Avoiding nephrotoxic substances (e.g., certain medications, contrast dyes) is critical to protect the remaining kidney function and prevent further damage.
G.   A low-sodium diet helps manage blood pressure and fluid balance, reducing the risk of fluid retention and hypertension in dialysis patients.

H.   Monitoring urine output is important to assess kidney function and fluid balance.

Even though dialysis takes over some kidney functions, any remaining urine output can provide valuable information about the patient's residual kidney function.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Heat application may provide comfort for localized pain but does not address the underlying cause of hypercalcemia, which requires systemic management.
B. While rest may be beneficial for certain conditions, it does not directly address hypercalcemia. Encouraging mobility and adequate fluid intake is typically more effective.
C. Coughing and deep breathing exercises are important for preventing respiratory complications after surgery but are not relevant for managing hypercalcemia.
D. Increasing fluid intake promotes hydration and enhances urinary calcium excretion, helping to lower serum calcium levels and minimize complications associated with hypercalcemia

A. daily weight B. vital signs C. intake and output D. skin turgor

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Daily weight monitoring is important for assessing fluid status but may not provide real-time information about fluid balance changes.
B. Vital signs are important for overall assessment but may not specifically address the nursing diagnosis of Excess Fluid Volume unless there are significant changes indicative of fluid overload or dehydration.
C. Monitoring intake and output provides direct information about fluid balance and renal function, helping to identify trends and assess the effectiveness of interventions aimed at managing fluid volume.
D. Skin turgor assessment is useful for evaluating hydration status but may not provide comprehensive data on fluid volume excess alone.

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The nurse is caring for a 32-year-old female patient coming to the clinic with peripheral edema, periorbital edema, and flank pain. Use the chart to answer the questions. Exhibits Which items should the nurse include when teaching the patient and family about dialysis? Select all that apply.

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The nurse is caring for a 32-year-old female patient coming to the clinic with peripheral edema, periorbital edema, and flank pain. Use the chart to answer the questions.

Exhibits

Which items should the nurse include when teaching the patient and family about dialysis? Select all that apply.