The nurse is auscultating the lungs of an adult client. The nurse hears low-pitched, soft breath sounds over the posterior lower lobes and inspiration that is longer than expiration. The nurse recognizes that these breath sounds are:

Bronchovesicular breath sounds and normal in that location.

Normally auscultated over the trachea.

Vesicular breath sounds and normal in that location.

Bronchial breath sounds and normal in that location

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. Bronchovesicular breath sounds and normal in that location:

Bronchovesicular breath sounds are medium-pitched sounds heard over the major bronchi and are usually equal on inspiration and expiration. They are typically heard in the 1st and 2nd intercostal spaces anteriorly and between the scapulae posteriorly. While they might be normal in certain locations, hearing them over peripheral lung fields might indicate an abnormality.

B. Normally auscultated over the trachea:

This statement doesn't specify a particular type of breath sound. Tracheal breath sounds are harsh and relatively high-pitched, heard directly over the trachea. They are normal over the trachea but are not normally heard in the lung periphery.

C. Vesicular breath sounds and normal in that location:

Vesicular breath sounds are low-pitched, soft sounds heard over most of the lungs during inspiration. They are longer on inspiration than expiration and are considered normal breath sounds heard in the peripheral lung fields. Hearing vesicular sounds in the posterior lower lobes is typical and indicates normal lung function.

D. Bronchial breath sounds and normal in that location:

Bronchial breath sounds are high-pitched and loud, heard primarily over the trachea and larynx. If heard in the peripheral lung fields, especially in the lower lobes, it can suggest an abnormality such as consolidation or compression of lung tissue.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Fifth left intercostal space at the midclavicular line:

Explanation: The apical pulse, or the point of maximal impulse (PMI), is typically located at the fifth intercostal space at the midclavicular line on the chest. This is the area where the heartbeat is best heard using a stethoscope in most adults.

B. Third left intercostal space at the midclavicular line:

Explanation: This location is too high for the apical pulse. The heart's apex is generally not found at the third intercostal space; it's lower, closer to the fifth intercostal space.

C. Fourth left intercostal space at the sternal border:

Explanation: This location is not the typical site for auscultating the apical pulse. The PMI is usually heard at the midclavicular line, not at the sternal border.

D. Under the left breast at the midclavicular line:

Explanation: This position is not precise enough for auscultating the apical pulse. The specific intercostal space (fifth) and midclavicular line are crucial for accurate assessment.

A. The atria contract toward the end of diastole and push the remaining blood into the ventricles. B. The atria contract during systole and attempt to push against closed valves. C. Atrial kick is the pressure exerted against the atria as the ventricles contract during systole. D. Contraction of the atria at the beginning of diastole can be felt as a palpitation.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. The atria contract toward the end of diastole and push the remaining blood into the ventricles.

This choice is correct. During atrial systole (atrial contraction), the atria contract, pushing the remaining blood into the ventricles. This additional filling of the ventricles optimizes cardiac output.

B. The atria contract during systole and attempt to push against closed valves.

This statement is incorrect. The atria do not contract during systole; they contract during diastole (atrial systole) to fill the ventricles.

C. Atrial kick is the pressure exerted against the atria as the ventricles contract during systole.

This statement is incorrect. Atrial kick refers to the atrial contraction, not the pressure exerted against the atria.

D. Contraction of the atria at the beginning of diastole can be felt as a palpitation.

This statement is not entirely accurate. A palpitation is a sensation of rapid or strong heartbeat, which might be felt during various cardiac events, not specifically during atrial contraction at the beginning of diastole.

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The nurse is auscultating the lungs of an adult client. The nurse hears low-pitched, soft breath sounds over the posterior lower lobes and inspiration that is longer than expiration. The nurse recognizes that these breath sounds are:

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse is preparing to assess the heart rate on an adult female client. The nurse recognizes that the apical pulse can be assessed in an adult female at which of the following anatomical position?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A nurse is reviewing the anatomy and physiologic functioning of the heart. The nurse should recognize that which statement best describes the atrial kick?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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The nurse is auscultating the lungs of an adult client. The nurse hears low-pitched, soft breath sounds over the posterior lower lobes and inspiration that is longer than expiration. The nurse recognizes that these breath sounds are:

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