A client was recently diagnosed with a heart murmur and is asking the nurse for more information. The nurse will educate the client that a heart murmur:

indicates turbulent blood flow through a valve.

is an extra sound due to blood entering an inflexible chamber.

means that there is some inflammation around the heart.

is a high-pitched sound due to a narrow valve.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Indicates turbulent blood flow through a valve:

This statement is correct. A heart murmur is an abnormal sound during the heartbeat cycle, often indicating turbulent blood flow through a valve. Murmurs can result from various factors such as valve disorders, structural abnormalities, or other heart conditions.

B. Is an extra sound due to blood entering an inflexible chamber:

This statement is not accurate. Heart murmurs are primarily associated with turbulent blood flow rather than an extra sound related to an inflexible chamber.

C. Means that there is some inflammation around the heart:

This statement is incorrect. Heart murmurs are not specifically related to inflammation around the heart. They are primarily caused by issues with blood flow through the heart valves.

D. Is a high-pitched sound due to a narrow valve:

This statement is a bit oversimplified. While murmurs can sometimes be associated with narrow valves (stenosis), they can also result from various other valve abnormalities or conditions, and not all murmurs are high-pitched. The pitch and characteristics of a murmur can provide clues about its cause, but they are not the sole indicators.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. The atria contract toward the end of diastole and push the remaining blood into the ventricles.

This choice is correct. During atrial systole (atrial contraction), the atria contract, pushing the remaining blood into the ventricles. This additional filling of the ventricles optimizes cardiac output.

B. The atria contract during systole and attempt to push against closed valves.

This statement is incorrect. The atria do not contract during systole; they contract during diastole (atrial systole) to fill the ventricles.

C. Atrial kick is the pressure exerted against the atria as the ventricles contract during systole.

This statement is incorrect. Atrial kick refers to the atrial contraction, not the pressure exerted against the atria.

D. Contraction of the atria at the beginning of diastole can be felt as a palpitation.

This statement is not entirely accurate. A palpitation is a sensation of rapid or strong heartbeat, which might be felt during various cardiac events, not specifically during atrial contraction at the beginning of diastole.

A. Maxillary sinusitis B. Nasal polyps. C. Frontal sinusitis. D. Posterior epistaxis.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Maxillary sinusitis:

Explanation: The client's symptoms of facial pain, fever, malaise, swollen turbinates, purulent nasal discharge, and dull, throbbing pain in the cheeks and teeth on the right side, especially when palpated, are indicative of maxillary sinusitis. Maxillary sinusitis refers to the inflammation of the maxillary sinuses, which are located in the cheek area. The symptoms described align with a bacterial infection in this sinus.

B. Nasal polyps:

Explanation: Nasal polyps are soft, noncancerous growths on the lining of the nasal passages or sinuses. While they can cause nasal congestion and a runny nose, they do not typically present with the specific symptoms mentioned in the scenario, such as facial pain, fever, and purulent discharge.

C. Frontal sinusitis:

Explanation: Frontal sinusitis involves inflammation of the frontal sinuses located in the forehead area. Symptoms may include forehead pain, headache, and nasal discharge. However, the described symptoms in the scenario (dull, throbbing pain in the cheeks and teeth on the right side) are more characteristic of maxillary sinusitis.

D. Posterior epistaxis:

Explanation: Posterior epistaxis refers to a nosebleed that originates from the back of the nose, often due to bleeding from the sphenopalatine artery. While nosebleeds can cause blood drainage into the throat and result in a metallic taste, the other symptoms described in the scenario, such as facial pain, fever, and purulent discharge, are not indicative of posterior epistaxis.

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A client was recently diagnosed with a heart murmur and is asking the nurse for more information. The nurse will educate the client that a heart murmur:

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is reviewing the anatomy and physiologic functioning of the heart. The nurse should recognize that which statement best describes the atrial kick?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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