The nurse is assessing a 4-year-old client with eczema. The child's skin is dry and scaly, and the parent reports that the child frequently scratches the lesions on the skin to the point of causing bleeding. Which guideline is indicated for care of this child?

Keep the nails trimmed short.

Bathe the child daily with bath oil.

Apply baby lotion to the skin twice daily.

Allow the child to wear only 100% cotton clothing.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Rationale

A. Children with eczema often scratch their itchy skin, which can lead to skin breakdown, bleeding, and secondary infections. Short nails minimize the trauma inflicted on the skin during scratching and help prevent complications.

B. Bathing helps to hydrate the skin and remove allergens, bacteria, and other irritants that can exacerbate eczema. Bathing daily with bath oil helps to moisturize the skin and prevent dryness. Bath oils or emollients should be used instead of harsh soaps, which can strip the skin of natural oils and worsen dryness. However, it's essential to ensure the water is not too hot and to limit bath time to avoid drying out the skin.

C. Moisturizing the skin is a cornerstone of eczema management. Applying a moisturizer, such as baby lotion or emollient cream, helps to hydrate the skin, reduce dryness, and protect the skin barrier. Moisturizers should ideally be applied at least twice daily, especially after bathing or showering when the skin is damp to lock in moisture. Choosing a moisturizer that is fragrance-free and hypoallergenic is beneficial to avoid further irritation.

D. Cotton clothing is recommended for children with eczema because it is breathable and less likely to irritate sensitive skin compared to synthetic fabrics. Cotton allows better air circulation around the skin, which can help prevent overheating and sweating, both of which can exacerbate eczema symptoms. Avoiding wool and synthetic fabrics that can cause friction and irritation is important.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Rationale

A. The client's pH is low (acidotic), and the PaCO2 is high (respiratory acidosis). Increasing the rate of ventilation (respiratory rate) can help to decrease PaCO2 by increasing alveolar ventilation, thereby helping to correct respiratory acidosis.

B. Expiratory flow time affects the time available for exhalation. While this may affect the overall mechanics of ventilation, it is not directly targeting the primary issue of elevated PaCO2 and acidosis.

C. Increasing tidal volume increases the volume of air delivered with each breath. This can improve ventilation efficiency but may not address the underlying problem of elevated PaCO2 unless it leads to increased minute ventilation.

D. Expiratory pressure is related to positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), which helps maintain alveolar recruitment and improve oxygenation. Decreasing expiratory pressure may not directly address the elevated PaCO2 and acidosis.

A. Close living quarters at evacuation centers. B. Drinking water contaminated by sewage. C. Food contamination from flood waters. D. Nosocomial transmission in the medical area.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Rationale

A. Evacuation centers often accommodate a large number of people in close proximity. This can lead to increased transmission of infectious agents, including those causing diarrheal illnesses, through person- to-person contact or contaminated surfaces.

B. Hurricanes can cause flooding, which may overwhelm sewage systems and lead to contamination of drinking water sources. Consuming water contaminated by sewage can introduce pathogens that cause diarrheal diseases, such as bacteria like Escherichia coli or viruses like norovirus.

C. Flood waters can contaminate food supplies in various ways, such as direct contact with contaminated water, improper storage, or inadequate cooking or refrigeration. Consuming

contaminated food can result in diarrheal illnesses due to ingestion of pathogens like bacteria or parasites.

D. Nosocomial infections refer to infections acquired in healthcare settings. In a disaster medical area, improper infection control practices or overcrowding can contribute to nosocomial transmission of infectious agents, including those causing diarrheal diseases. However, this option is less likely in the context of a client seeking treatment for diarrhea immediately upon arrival at the disaster medical area.

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The nurse is assessing a 4-year-old client with eczema. The child's skin is dry and scaly, and the parent reports that the child frequently scratches the lesions on the skin to the point of causing bleeding. Which guideline is indicated for care of this child?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A client arrives at a hurricane disaster medical area seeking treatment for diarrhea. Which source of contamination should the nurse consider when interviewing the client about exposure?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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