The nurse educator asks the student nurse to explain the most common causes of blindness in the United States. Which of the following options will the student nurse select as one of the top causes of blindness?

Head trauma

Cardiovascular disease

Syphilis

Diabetic retinopathy

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Choice A Reason: Head trauma is not one of the top causes of blindness in the United States, but rather a possible cause of it. Head trauma can damage the optic nerve, retina, or brain, leading to vision loss or impairment.

Choice B Reason: Cardiovascular disease is not one of the top causes of blindness in the United States, but rather a risk factor for it. Cardiovascular disease can affect the blood supply and oxygen delivery to the eyes, leading to conditions such as glaucoma, macular degeneration, or retinal vein occlusion.

Choice C Reason: Syphilis is not one of the top causes of blindness in the United States, but rather a rare cause of it. Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection that can affect the eyes, leading to inflammation, scarring, or detachment of the retina.

Choice D Reason: This is the correct choice. Diabetic retinopathy is one of the top causes of blindness in the United States, affecting about 4.1 million adults. Diabetic retinopathy is a complication of diabetes that damages the blood vessels in the retina, leading to bleeding, swelling, or leakage of fluid. It can cause blurred vision, floaters, or blindness if left untreated.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A Reason: A virus is not detected by the KOH test, which is used to diagnose fungal infections of the skin, hair, or nails. A virus can be detected by other tests, such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or viral culture.

Choice B Reason: A fungal infection is detected by the KOH test, which dissolves the skin cells and leaves behind the fungal elements that can be seen under a microscope. A fungal infection can cause symptoms such as itching, scaling, redness, or blisters.

Choice C Reason: A bacterial infection is not detected by the KOH test, which is specific for fungi. A bacterial infection can be detected by other tests, such as gram stain or culture.

Choice D Reason: Cancer is not detected by the KOH test, which is not a screening tool for malignancy. Cancer can be detected by other tests, such as biopsy or imaging.

A. Acute hemorrhagic stroke. B. Alzheimer's disease. C. Parkinson's disease. D. Traumatic brain injury.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: This is incorrect because acute hemorrhagic stroke is not consistent with these observations. Acute hemorrhagic stroke is a sudden bleeding in the brain that can cause severe neurological deficits, such as paralysis, aphasia, or coma. It does not cause tremors, slowness, or mask-like facial expressions.

Choice B reason: This is incorrect because Alzheimer's disease is not consistent with these observations. Alzheimer's disease is a progressive degeneration of the brain that causes cognitive impairment, memory loss, and behavioral changes. It does not cause tremors, slowness, or mask-like facial expressions.

Choice C reason: This is the correct answer because Parkinson's disease is consistent with these observations. Parkinson's disease is a chronic disorder of the brain that affects movement and coordination. It causes tremors, slowness, rigidity, and postural instability, as well as mask-like facial expressions due to reduced facial muscle activity.

Choice D reason: This is incorrect because traumatic brain injury is not consistent with these observations. Traumatic brain injury is damage to the brain caused by external force, such as a blow, fall, or penetration. It can cause various neurological symptoms depending on the location and severity of the injury, but it does not typically cause tremors, slowness, or mask-like facial expressions.

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The nurse educator asks the student nurse to explain the most common causes of blindness in the United States. Which of the following options will the student nurse select as one of the top causes of blindness?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The client inquires what the positive result from the potassium hydroxide (KOH) test indicates. Which of the following is an accurate response by the nurse?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

The nurse observes the client as he walks into the clinic. She notices a slight tremor of the hands, slowness of movements, and a mask-like facial expression, with postural instability. Which of the following in the client's history are consistent with these observations?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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