The nurse caring for a client who is scheduled for a balloon valvuloplasty recalls that balloon valvuloplasty is most commonly used for which valvular heart disease?
Mitral valve prolapse
Aortic regurgitation
Mitral regurgitation
Mitral stenosis
The Correct Answer is D
A. Mitral valve prolapse often requires no treatment or is managed with medications; balloon valvuloplasty is not typically used.
B. Aortic regurgitation usually requires surgical valve replacement rather than valvuloplasty.
C. Mitral regurgitation involves backward blood flow and is generally treated with valve repair or replacement, not balloon valvuloplasty.
D. Mitral stenosis is most commonly treated with balloon valvuloplasty, especially in clients with rheumatic heart disease. This procedure helps open a narrowed mitral valve by inflating a balloon within the valve to improve blood flow.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Decreased cardiac output with increased mean arterial pressure (MAP) does not typically occur in cardiogenic shock. In shock states, MAP tends to decrease.
B. Decreased cardiac output and decreased MAP are the hallmark pathophysiologic changes in cardiogenic shock following a myocardial infarction. The damaged myocardium cannot pump effectively, leading to poor perfusion and hypotension.
C. Increased cardiac output and increased afterload are not features of cardiogenic shock; in fact, cardiac output is decreased.
D. Increased cardiac output and increased MAP suggest improved perfusion, not the compromised state seen in cardiogenic shock.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Oliguria (low urine output) is an expected finding in hypovolemic shock due to decreased renal perfusion as blood is shunted to vital organs.
B. Hypertension is not expected; hypotension is more typical as circulating blood volume decreases.
C. Bradypnea is not common; tachypnea is expected as the body tries to compensate for decreased oxygen delivery.
D. Flushing of the skin is associated with early septic shock; in hypovolemic shock, the skin is typically cool, pale, and clammy due to peripheral vasoconstriction.
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