The correct sequence of parts that carry cardiac impulses is:
AV node, SA node, Purkinje fibers, AV bundle.
SA node, Purkinje fibers, AV node, AV bundle.
SA node, AV node, AV bundle, Purkinje fibers.
AV node, AV bundle, Purkinje fibers, SA node.
The Correct Answer is C
This sequence ensures that the atria contract before the ventricles and that the ventricles contract from the bottom up.
Choice A is wrong because it reverses the order of the SA node and the AV node. The SA node is the pacemaker of the heart and initiates the cardiac impulses.
Choice B is wrong because it places the Purkinje fibers before the AV node.
The Purkinje fibers are the last part of the conduction system and stimulate the ventricular muscle fibers.
Choice D is wrong because it reverses the order of the entire sequence.
The AV node is not the pacemaker of the heart and does not initiate cardiac impulses.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Macrophages are the main cells that clear out the cell debris by phagocytosis, a process that involves recognition, engulfment, and degradation of the disposable particles.
Macrophages are professional phagocytes that can be found in various tissues and organs, where they perform efferocytosis, the removal of dead and dying cells.
Choice A is wrong because lymphocytes are not phagocytes, but rather immune cells that mediate adaptive immunity by producing antibodies or killing infected cells.
Choice B is wrong because cytokines are not cells, but rather soluble molecules that regulate inflammation and immunity by acting as signals between cells.
Choice C is wrong because mast cells are not primarily involved in clearing cell debris, but rather in allergic reactions and innate immunity by releasing histamine and other mediators.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
As a result of the allergen-antibody reaction, mast cells release histamine.
This is because when mast cells are exposed to an allergen that binds to IgE antibodies attached to their FcɛRI receptors, they release histamine and other inflammatory mediators.
Histamine causes vasodilation, increased capillary permeability, mucus secretion, and smooth muscle contraction, which result in allergic symptoms such as itching, swelling, sneezing, and wheezing.
Mast cells do release histamine in response to allergen-antibody reactions. Some additional sentences are:
Normal ranges of histamine levels vary depending on the tissue and the method of measurement, but they are usually low in healthy individuals and elevated in allergic conditions.
Histamine can be degraded by enzymes such as diamine oxidase and histamine N- methyltransferase, or inhibited by drugs such as antihistamines.
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