Erythroblastosis fetalis may occur in:
A second Rh-negative fetus developing in an Rh-negative woman.
A second Rh-positive fetus developing in an Rh-negative woman.
A first Rh-positive fetus developing in an Rh-negative woman.
A first Rh-negative fetus developing in an Rh-negative woman.
The Correct Answer is B
This is because erythroblastosis fetalis, also known as hemolytic disease of the newborn, is caused by Rh incompatibility between the mother and the fetus.
Rh incompatibility occurs when a Rh-negative mother is impregnated by a Rh-positive father, resulting in a Rh-positive fetus.
The mother’s immune system can detect the Rh factor on the fetus’s red blood cells as foreign and produce antibodies against them.
These antibodies can cross the placenta and destroy the fetus’s red blood cells, causing anemia, jaundice, edema, and other complications.
Choice A is wrong because a second Rh-negative fetus developing in an Rh-negative woman will not cause erythroblastosis fetalis.
The mother and the fetus have the same Rh factor, so there is no immune reaction.
Choice C is wrong because a first Rh-positive fetus developing in an Rh-negative woman will not cause erythroblastosis fetalis.
The mother’s immune system will not produce antibodies against the Rh factor until after the first exposure to it, which usually happens during delivery.
Therefore, the first pregnancy is usually unaffected.
Choice D is wrong because a first Rh-negative fetus developing in an Rh-negative woman will not cause erythroblastosis fetalis.
The mother and the fetus have the same Rh factor, so there is no immune reaction.
The normal range of red blood cell count for newborns is 4.1 to 6.1 million cells per microliter of blood.
The normal range of bilirubin level for newborns is 0.3 to 1.9 milligrams per deciliter of blood.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is a hormone secreted by the heart when the atria are stretched by high blood pressure or volume.
ANP has multiple effects, such as increasing urine and salt excretion, lowering blood pressure, and opposing the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.
Therefore, ANP inhibits the release of renin and aldosterone, which are hormones that increase blood pressure and sodium retention.
Choice A is wrong because ANP is not released from the adrenal cortex but from the cardiac atria.
ANP does not stimulate atrial hormones but rather inhibits them.
Choice B is wrong because ANP is not stimulated to release when blood volume decreases, but when it increases.
ANP acts to reduce blood volume by promoting diuresis and natriuresis.
Choice C is wrong because ANP does not raise blood pressure, but lowers it. ANP acts as a vasodilator and reduces peripheral resistance.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Innate defenses counter specific disease-causing agents, whereas adaptive defenses include mechanical and chemical barriers.
Choice A is wrong because it confuses the two types of defenses.
Innate defenses are nonspecific and include physical barriers such as the skin, molecules that are toxic to invaders, and phagocytic cells that ingest invaders.
Adaptive defenses are specific and are activated by the innate immune system.
They involve the production of antibodies and specialized cells that recognize and eliminate specific pathogens.
Normal ranges are not applicable in this question as it is about the definitions of innate and adaptive defenses.
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