The child is a 2-year-old who fell into a pool. He was retrieved from the pool by a family member but was not breathing. The family member started CPR, and the ambulance brought him to the hospital.
What factors are important in determining the level of hypoxemia that the child may have experienced during the submersion?
Select all that apply.
Temperature of water
The weight of the child
Oxygen concentration of the ambient air
Whether or not anyone witnessed the fall into the pool
The amount of time the child was submerged
Correct Answer : A,E
The level of hypoxemia that the child may have experienced during the submersion depends on several factors, but the most important ones are:
- The **temperature of water**: Cold water can induce a diving reflex, which lowers the heart rate and oxygen consumption, and may protect the brain from hypoxic injury¹². Cold water can also cause laryngospasm, which prevents water aspiration but also impairs gas exchange.
- The **amount of time the child was submerged**: The longer the submersion, the more severe the hypoxemia and the higher the risk of brain damage and death. The survival rate decreases significantly after 5 minutes of submersion³.
The other factors are less relevant or not directly related to the level of hypoxemia:
- The **weight of the child**: This may affect the buoyancy and the ability to float or swim, but not the oxygen consumption or gas exchange during submersion¹.
- The **oxygen concentration of the ambient air**: This may affect the pre-submersion oxygen saturation, but not the rate of oxygen depletion or gas exchange during submersion¹.
- The **witnessing of the fall into the pool**: This may affect the time to rescue and resuscitation, but not the level of hypoxemia during submersion.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
The client may be experiencing postoperative delirium, which is a transient state of confusion, disorientation, agitation, or hallucinations that can occur after surgery, especially in elderly clients. The PN should raise the side rails and notify the family to come and stay with the client, as this can provide safety, comfort, and reassurance for the client.
The other options are not correct because:
A. Administering a prescribed narcotic antagonist may not be appropriate or necessary, as the client's agitation may not be caused by analgesic accumulation, but by other factors such as hypoxia, infection, electrolyte imbalance, or sensory deprivation.
B. Notifying the healthcare provider and requesting a prescription for restraints may not be the best intervention, as restraints can increase the client's agitation, anxiety, or injury. Restraints should be used only as a last resort when other measures have failed or when there is an imminent risk of harm.
D. Instructing a UAP to keep the upper side rails up and check on the client every 15 minutes may not be sufficient or effective, as the client may still try to get out of bed or become more agitated by being left alone. The PN should involve the family or stay with the client until he or she is calm and oriented.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Obtain emergency help. - This is the most urgent action as the client is unresponsive, and getting emergency assistance is crucial to providing immediate care.
B. Feel for a carotid pulse. - While assessing the pulse is important, if the client is unresponsive, the first step is to get emergency assistance.
C. Bring a glucometer to the room. - This action might be relevant for assessing specific conditions, but in this scenario, the priority is to seek immediate emergency assistance.
D. Check the blood pressure. - Assessing blood pressure is important, but in the case of an unresponsive client, seeking emergency help takes precedence for immediate assistance and care.
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