The bile salts are synthesized from
fatty acids
testosterone
cholesterol
lecithin
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A reason:
Fatty acids are essential components of many lipids, but they are not the primary building blocks of bile salts. Bile salts are synthesized from cholesterol. Fatty acids mainly function as energy storage molecules and are involved in forming complex lipids, like triglycerides and phospholipids. They don't participate directly in the production of bile salts, which are crucial for digesting and absorbing dietary fats.
Choice B reason:
Testosterone is a steroid hormone that plays a vital role in male reproductive tissues and secondary sexual characteristics. It is not involved in the synthesis of bile salts. Bile salts are derived from cholesterol, not hormones. Testosterone’s primary function is related to endocrine activities rather than hepatic functions like bile salt synthesis.
Choice C reason:
Cholesterol is the correct answer. Bile salts are synthesized from cholesterol in the liver. This process involves the conversion of cholesterol into bile acids, which are then conjugated with amino acids to form bile salts. These bile salts are critical for the digestion and absorption of fats in the small intestine. The liver’s conversion of cholesterol to bile salts helps in maintaining cholesterol homeostasis in the body.
Choice D reason:
Lecithin is a type of phospholipid that plays a significant role in cell membrane structure and function. While it is an important component of bile, it is not the substance from which bile salts are synthesized. Lecithin helps in the emulsification of fats in the digestive process but is not a precursor to bile salts. The synthesis of bile salts specifically involves cholesterol.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason:
Nonadherence to the antiviral regimen could result in suboptimal control of the HIV infection, but it is not typically associated with symptoms of increased hunger, thirst, and frequent urination. Therefore, this choice does not explain the patient's symptoms.
Choice B reason:
An allergic reaction might cause a variety of symptoms, such as rash, itching, or swelling, but it would not typically cause increased hunger, thirst, and frequent urination. This choice is incorrect as it does not align with the presented symptoms.
Choice C reason:
Pancreatic infiltration by HIV is a rare and serious condition that can lead to various metabolic complications, but it is not a common cause of the specific symptoms described (increased hunger, thirst, and frequent urination). This choice is not consistent with the patient's symptoms.
Choice D reason:
Hyperglycemia, or high blood sugar, can cause symptoms like increased hunger, thirst, and frequent urination. These symptoms are indicative of diabetes, which can be a side effect of some antiviral medications, particularly protease inhibitors used in HIV treatment. Therefore, this choice accurately reflects the patient's symptoms and is the correct answer.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason:
Hepatocellular jaundice occurs due to damage or dysfunction of the liver cells (hepatocytes). This type of jaundice is associated with liver diseases such as hepatitis or cirrhosis, where the liver cannot effectively process bilirubin. It is not directly related to increased red blood cell breakdown but rather to the liver’s inability to handle bilirubin.
Choice B reason:
Hemolytic jaundice results from an increased breakdown of red blood cells, leading to a higher production of bilirubin, which the liver cannot clear fast enough. This condition causes an overload of bilirubin in the blood, resulting in jaundice. Hemolytic jaundice is typically seen in conditions such as hemolytic anemia, where red blood cell destruction exceeds the liver's ability to process and excrete bilirubin.
Choice C reason:
Obstructive jaundice is caused by a blockage in the bile ducts, preventing bilirubin from being excreted into the digestive system. This blockage can result from gallstones, tumors, or strictures. It is not related to the increased breakdown of red blood cells but rather to the obstruction of bile flow, leading to bilirubin buildup in the liver and subsequently in the blood.
Choice D reason:
Metabolic jaundice results from metabolic disorders that affect bilirubin processing or liver function. These disorders can lead to abnormalities in bilirubin metabolism, but they are not directly caused by increased red blood cell breakdown. Metabolic jaundice is less common than other forms and typically involves inherited conditions affecting bilirubin conjugation and excretion.
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