A patient has begun taking an HMG-COA reductase inhibitor (statins). Which statement about this class of drugs made by the nurse during patient education would be inappropriate?

You should maintain a healthy lifestyle and avoid high-fat foods.

Muscle pain is not concerning with statin use.

Statins reduce the risk of coronary events in people with diabetes and slightly elevated LDL levels.

Statin use can cause GI side effects.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Choice A reason:
Maintaining a healthy lifestyle and avoiding high-fat foods is appropriate advice. Statins are more effective when combined with a healthy diet and lifestyle. This helps in managing cholesterol levels and reducing the risk of cardiovascular events.

Choice B reason:
The statement that muscle pain is not concerning with statin use is inappropriate. Muscle pain can be a significant side effect of statins, known as myopathy, and in rare cases, it can lead to a more severe condition called rhabdomyolysis. Patients experiencing muscle pain should report it to their healthcare provider for evaluation and management.

Choice C reason:
Statins do reduce the risk of coronary events in people with diabetes and slightly elevated LDL levels. This is well-documented and an appropriate part of patient education, as statins are beneficial in preventing cardiovascular events in at-risk populations.

Choice D reason:
Statin use can cause gastrointestinal (GI) side effects, including nausea, constipation, and diarrhea. This information should be part of patient education so that patients are aware of potential side effects and can manage them appropriately.

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Correct Answer is ["A","B","D"]

Explanation

Choice A reason:
HIV can be transmitted through blood products. This mode of transmission occurs when contaminated blood, used in transfusions or other medical procedures, carries the virus to another person. It is one of the primary ways HIV spreads, especially before strict blood screening protocols were implemented.
Choice B reason:
Perinatal transmission refers to the transmission of HIV from a mother to her fetus during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding. This is a significant mode of transmission, particularly in regions with high HIV prevalence and limited access to antiretroviral therapy.
Choice C reason:
This choice is incorrect because HIV is not transmitted through airborne means. Unlike respiratory viruses, HIV requires direct contact with certain body fluids for transmission. Airborne transmission would imply that the virus could spread through the air, which is not the case with HIV.
Choice D reason:
Sexual transmission is a major route for HIV spread. The virus is present in bodily fluids such as semen, vaginal fluids, and rectal fluids. Unprotected sexual contact allows the virus to pass from one person to another, making this a crucial mode of HIV transmission.

A. Abdominal ultrasound and chest X-ray. B. Test of the acidity of the gastric contents and assessment of the throat. C. Electrocardiogram (EKG) and serum troponin levels. D. Abdominal X-ray and colonoscopy.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason:
Abdominal ultrasound and chest X-ray are not the first-line tests for a patient presenting with these symptoms. While they can be useful in assessing certain conditions, the priority in this case is to rule out cardiac causes, especially given the symptoms that could indicate a cardiac event.

Choice B reason:
Testing the acidity of gastric contents and assessing the throat is not relevant for the initial evaluation of these symptoms. While gastrointestinal issues can present with similar symptoms, the first step should be to rule out more serious cardiac causes.

Choice C reason:
Electrocardiogram (EKG) and serum troponin levels are the correct answer. These tests are critical in assessing cardiac function and identifying potential myocardial infarction or other cardiac issues. Given the patient's symptoms, which can be indicative of a cardiac event, these tests are prioritized to rule out any immediate cardiac threats.

Choice D reason:
Abdominal X-ray and colonoscopy are not appropriate first-line tests in this scenario. While they may be necessary later to investigate gastrointestinal issues, the primary concern given the patient's symptoms is to rule out cardiac events with an EKG and serum troponin levels.

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A patient has begun taking an HMG-COA reductase inhibitor (statins). Which statement about this class of drugs made by the nurse during patient education would be inappropriate?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Which modes of transmission occur with HIV infection? (Select all that apply)

Correct Answer is ["A","B","D"]

Explanation

A 65-year-old woman with no history of pulmonary or cardiovascular issues presents to the emergency department with nausea, fatigue, and fullness and pain of the abdomen. The nurse knows the assessment tests that will be ordered first will include:

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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A patient has begun taking an HMG-COA reductase inhibitor (statins). Which statement about this class of drugs made by the nurse during patient education would be inappropriate?

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