After starting an antiviral protease inhibitor, a patient with HIV telephones the nurse, complaining, "I'm so hungry and thirsty all the time! I'm urinating 10 or 12 times a day." The nurse recognizes these findings to be consistent with:
Nonadherence to the antiviral regimen
Allergic reaction
Pancreatic infiltration by HIV
Hyperglycemia
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A reason:
Nonadherence to the antiviral regimen could result in suboptimal control of the HIV infection, but it is not typically associated with symptoms of increased hunger, thirst, and frequent urination. Therefore, this choice does not explain the patient's symptoms.
Choice B reason:
An allergic reaction might cause a variety of symptoms, such as rash, itching, or swelling, but it would not typically cause increased hunger, thirst, and frequent urination. This choice is incorrect as it does not align with the presented symptoms.
Choice C reason:
Pancreatic infiltration by HIV is a rare and serious condition that can lead to various metabolic complications, but it is not a common cause of the specific symptoms described (increased hunger, thirst, and frequent urination). This choice is not consistent with the patient's symptoms.
Choice D reason:
Hyperglycemia, or high blood sugar, can cause symptoms like increased hunger, thirst, and frequent urination. These symptoms are indicative of diabetes, which can be a side effect of some antiviral medications, particularly protease inhibitors used in HIV treatment. Therefore, this choice accurately reflects the patient's symptoms and is the correct answer.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason:
Lactulose is the medication of choice for treating elevated ammonia levels, commonly seen in hepatic encephalopathy associated with cirrhosis. It works by reducing the absorption of ammonia from the intestines, converting ammonia to ammonium, which is then excreted. Administering lactulose helps in lowering blood ammonia levels and improving mental status in affected patients.
Choice B reason:
Polyethylene glycol (MiraLax) is a laxative used to treat constipation. It does not have any role in reducing ammonia levels or treating hepatic encephalopathy. Therefore, it is not appropriate for this patient's elevated ammonia condition.
Choice C reason:
0.9% NS (normal saline) is primarily used for fluid resuscitation and electrolyte balance. While essential in managing cirrhotic patients with fluid imbalances, it does not address the elevated ammonia levels directly. Therefore, it is not the treatment of choice for this specific situation.
Choice D reason:
Docusate sodium (Colace) is a stool softener used to treat constipation. It does not have any effect on ammonia levels or the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy. Thus, it is not appropriate for managing elevated ammonia in this patient.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason:
Metoprolol is a beta-blocker that primarily affects the heart by reducing heart rate and contractility. It does not specifically block the efflux of potassium. Beta-blockers are used to manage high blood pressure, angina, and certain arrhythmias, but they do not target potassium channels directly.
Choice B reason:
Amiodarone is an antiarrhythmic medication that blocks the efflux of potassium from cardiac cells. It prolongs the repolarization phase of the cardiac action potential by inhibiting potassium channels, which helps to stabilize cardiac rhythms and prevent arrhythmias. This mechanism makes amiodarone effective in treating various types of arrhythmias.
Choice C reason:
Lidocaine is a class IB antiarrhythmic that primarily blocks sodium channels in the heart. It is used to treat acute ventricular arrhythmias, especially after a myocardial infarction. While it affects the electrical activity of the heart, it does not specifically block potassium efflux.
Choice D reason:
Verapamil is a calcium channel blocker that primarily affects the influx of calcium into cardiac and smooth muscle cells. It is used to treat hypertension, angina, and certain arrhythmias, but it does not block potassium efflux.
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