A nurse is instructing a patient receiving a cholesterol-lowering agent. Which information should the nurse include in the patient education?

Stop taking the medication if you experience constipation.

You should continue your exercise program to increase your HDL serum levels.

This medication will replace other interventions you have been trying.

It is important for you to double your dose if you miss one to maintain therapeutic blood levels.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Choice A reason:
Telling the patient to stop taking the medication if they experience constipation is not appropriate. While side effects should be reported to the healthcare provider, discontinuing the medication without professional guidance can lead to inadequate management of cholesterol levels. The nurse should advise the patient to consult their provider about any side effects.

Choice B reason:
Continuing an exercise program to increase HDL serum levels is important advice. Regular physical activity is beneficial in raising HDL (good cholesterol) levels, which help reduce the risk of heart disease. Exercise complements the effects of cholesterol-lowering medications and supports overall cardiovascular health.

Choice C reason:
Stating that the medication will replace other interventions is incorrect. Cholesterol-lowering medications should be part of a comprehensive treatment plan that includes lifestyle modifications such as diet, exercise, and weight management. These interventions work synergistically to improve lipid profiles and reduce cardiovascular risk.

Choice D reason:
Doubling the dose if a dose is missed is unsafe and not recommended. Patients should follow their prescribed dosing schedule and consult their healthcare provider for instructions if they miss a dose. Taking an extra dose can increase the risk of adverse effects and complications.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason:
Stenosis is characterized by the constriction and narrowing of the valve opening, which causes the valve leaflets to fail to open completely. This condition restricts blood flow through the valve, leading to increased pressure in the heart and reduced blood flow to the body or lungs, depending on which valve is affected.

Choice B reason:
Regurgitation refers to the condition where the valve does not close properly, allowing blood to flow backward. This is different from stenosis, where the valve opening is narrowed and does not allow sufficient blood flow forward.

Choice C reason:
Insufficiency is another term for regurgitation and involves the backward flow of blood due to improper closure of the valve. It does not describe the condition where the valve opening is narrowed and restricts forward blood flow.

Choice D reason:
Incompetence also refers to the inability of the valve to close properly, leading to regurgitation. It is not used to describe the narrowing of the valve opening, which is the defining characteristic of stenosis.

A. vitamin K (phytonadione) B. protamine sulfate C. a PTT lab test D. an INR lab test

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason:
Vitamin K (phytonadione) is the antidote for warfarin overdose. It works by promoting the synthesis of clotting factors that are inhibited by warfarin, thereby reversing the anticoagulant effects. In cases of excessive warfarin intake, administering vitamin K helps restore normal clotting function.

Choice B reason:
Protamine sulfate is the antidote for heparin overdose, not warfarin. It works by neutralizing the anticoagulant effects of heparin, but it has no effect on warfarin-induced anticoagulation. Therefore, it is not appropriate for this situation.

Choice C reason:
A PTT lab test measures the effectiveness of the intrinsic pathway of coagulation and is primarily used to monitor heparin therapy. It is not relevant for managing warfarin overdose, as warfarin affects the extrinsic pathway, which is measured by the PT/INR test.

Choice D reason:
While an INR lab test is essential for monitoring the therapeutic levels of warfarin, the immediate need in this situation is to reverse the effects of the overdose. Administering vitamin K is the necessary intervention to counteract the excessive anticoagulation caused by warfarin.

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A nurse is instructing a patient receiving a cholesterol-lowering agent. Which information should the nurse include in the patient education?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Which valvular condition is characterized by the valve opening being constricted and narrowed, causing the valve leaflets, or cusps, to fail to open completely?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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