Patients taking phenytoin (Dilantin) for control of seizures must be aware of which adverse effect(s)? (Select all that apply.)
Blood dyscrasias
Hyperglycemia
Urinary retention
Gingival hyperplasia
Sedation
Correct Answer : A,D
A. Blood dyscrasias: This is a correct choice. Phenytoin can cause blood dyscrasias, including conditions like leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and anemia.
B. Hyperglycemia: This is not typically associated with phenytoin. The primary adverse effects related to blood sugar are usually changes in glucose metabolism or hypoglycemia.
C. Urinary retention: This is not a common adverse effect of phenytoin. It is more associated with other medications or medical conditions.
D. Gingival hyperplasia: This is a correct choice. Phenytoin is known to cause gingival hyperplasia, which is an overgrowth of the gum tissue.
E. Sedation: This is not a common adverse effect of phenytoin. Phenytoin is more known for causing CNS-related side effects like nystagmus, ataxia, and dizziness.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Antacids and narcotics.
Antacids can provide temporary relief of symptoms, but they do not treat the underlying H. pylori infection. Narcotics are not typically used as a standard treatment for peptic ulcer disease related to H. pylori.
B. Pepsin inhibitors and antiemetics.
Pepsin inhibitors and antiemetics may address symptoms but do not target the H. pylori infection directly. The standard treatment involves antibiotics to eradicate the bacteria and proton pump inhibitors to reduce acid production.
C. Proton pump inhibitors and antibiotics.
A positive breath test for H. pylori indicates the presence of Helicobacter pylori bacteria, which is associated with peptic ulcer disease. The standard treatment for H. pylori infection involves a combination of proton pump inhibitors (to reduce stomach acid production) and antibiotics (to eradicate the bacteria).
D. Emetic agents and tranquilizers.
Emetic agents are used to induce vomiting and are not indicated for the treatment of H. pylori infection. Tranquilizers are not part of the standard treatment for peptic ulcer disease associated with H. pylori.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. High-sodium foods: Sodium intake is not specifically contraindicated with methylphenidate (Ritalin). However, maintaining a balanced and healthy diet is generally recommended for overall well-being.
B. High-sugar foods and drinks: While there is no strict contraindication with methylphenidate and sugar, a diet high in sugar may contribute to hyperactivity and may not be conducive to managing symptoms of ADHD. It's advisable to promote a balanced diet with reduced sugar intake.
C. High-fat foods: There is no direct contraindication between methylphenidate and high-fat foods. However, maintaining a balanced diet with a moderate intake of fats is generally recommended for overall health.
D. Caffeinated foods and drinks: This is the correct answer. Methylphenidate is a stimulant, and combining it with additional sources of caffeine can lead to an increase in stimulant effects, potentially causing adverse reactions.
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