Patients taking phenytoin (Dilantin) for control of seizures must be aware of which adverse effect(s)? (Select all that apply.)

Blood dyscrasias

Hyperglycemia

Urinary retention

Gingival hyperplasia

Sedation

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,D

A. Blood dyscrasias: This is a correct choice. Phenytoin can cause blood dyscrasias, including conditions like leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and anemia.

B. Hyperglycemia: This is not typically associated with phenytoin. The primary adverse effects related to blood sugar are usually changes in glucose metabolism or hypoglycemia.

C. Urinary retention: This is not a common adverse effect of phenytoin. It is more associated with other medications or medical conditions.

D. Gingival hyperplasia: This is a correct choice. Phenytoin is known to cause gingival hyperplasia, which is an overgrowth of the gum tissue.

E. Sedation: This is not a common adverse effect of phenytoin. Phenytoin is more known for causing CNS-related side effects like nystagmus, ataxia, and dizziness.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Antacids and narcotics.
Antacids can provide temporary relief of symptoms, but they do not treat the underlying H. pylori infection. Narcotics are not typically used as a standard treatment for peptic ulcer disease related to H. pylori.

B. Pepsin inhibitors and antiemetics.
Pepsin inhibitors and antiemetics may address symptoms but do not target the H. pylori infection directly. The standard treatment involves antibiotics to eradicate the bacteria and proton pump inhibitors to reduce acid production.

C. Proton pump inhibitors and antibiotics.
A positive breath test for H. pylori indicates the presence of Helicobacter pylori bacteria, which is associated with peptic ulcer disease. The standard treatment for H. pylori infection involves a combination of proton pump inhibitors (to reduce stomach acid production) and antibiotics (to eradicate the bacteria).

D. Emetic agents and tranquilizers.
Emetic agents are used to induce vomiting and are not indicated for the treatment of H. pylori infection. Tranquilizers are not part of the standard treatment for peptic ulcer disease associated with H. pylori.

A. Headache, dizziness, and fatigue B. Anorexia and hair 18s C. Abdominal cramping and irritability D. Psychosis and middle ear disturbances

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Headache, dizziness, and fatigue

Ondansetron (Zofran) is commonly used to control nausea and vomiting associated with chemotherapy. While it is generally well-tolerated, some common side effects may include headache, dizziness, and fatigue.

B. Anorexia and hair loss

Anorexia (loss of appetite) and hair loss are not commonly associated with ondansetron. These symptoms may be side effects of chemotherapy itself, but they are not typically attributed to ondansetron.

C. Abdominal cramping and irritability

Abdominal cramping and irritability are not common side effects of ondansetron. These symptoms may be related to other factors, but they are not typically associated with this antiemetic medication.

D. Psychosis and middle ear disturbances

Psychosis and middle ear disturbances are not common side effects of ondansetron. These symptoms may be associated with other medications or conditions, but they are not typically attributed to ondansetron.

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Patients taking phenytoin (Dilantin) for control of seizures must be aware of which adverse effect(s)? (Select all that apply.)

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A patient with peptic ulcer disease is noted to have a positive breath test for H. pylori. What will the nurse anticipate the health care provider will order?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Ondansetron (Zofran) has been ordered for the patient undergoing cancer chemotherapy to control the severe nausea and vomiting. What side effects should the nurse observe for?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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