Patient Data.
What are the signs and symptoms of DKA? Select all that apply.
Hyperglycemia.
Ketonuria.
Metabolic acidosis.
Hypokalemia.
Dehydration.
Kussmaul respirations
Correct Answer : A,B,C,E,F
Choice A rationale:
Hyperglycemia is a key symptom of DKA. It occurs when there is an insufficient amount of insulin in the body to allow glucose to enter cells for use as energy. As a result, the body begins to break down fat for fuel, leading to the production of ketones and causing blood glucose levels to rise1. Normal blood glucose levels are between 4.0 to 6.0 mmol/L when fasting and up to 7.8 mmol/L two hours after eating2.
Choice B rationale:
Ketonuria, or the presence of ketones in the urine, is another symptom of DKA. When the body breaks down fat for energy, ketones are produced. If too many ketones build up in the blood, they can spill over into the urine1.
Choice C rationale:
Metabolic acidosis occurs in DKA due to the accumulation of ketones in the blood. Ketones are acidic, and when they build up in the blood, they cause the blood to become more acidic, leading to metabolic acidosis1.
Choice D rationale:
Hypokalemia is not a symptom of DKA. In fact, patients with DKA often have high potassium levels in their blood at presentation because acidosis causes potassium to move from inside the cells into the bloodstream1. However, during treatment for DKA, when insulin is administered and acidosis is corrected, potassium moves back into the cells and can lead to low potassium levels or hypokalemia1.
Choice E rationale:
Dehydration is a common symptom of DKA. High blood glucose levels lead to increased urination as the body tries to get rid of the excess glucose. This can result in dehydration1.
Choice F rationale:
Kussmaul respirations are a type of hyperventilation that occurs in DKA as the body tries to get rid of excess acids (ketones) through the lungs by breathing rapidly and deeply1.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
"Phobias are characterized by persistent and irrational fear" (Choice A) is an accurate statement. Phobias are defined by the presence of an intense and irrational fear of a specific object or situation. This fear is persistent and often leads to avoidance behaviors, which can significantly impact the individual's daily life.
Choice B rationale:
"Phobias can be caused by biological factors only" (Choice B) is an inaccurate statement. Phobias can have various causes, including both biological and psychological factors. While there may be genetic predispositions to certain phobias, psychological factors, such as traumatic experiences or learned behaviors, can also contribute to the development of phobias.
Choice C rationale:
"Phobias can be diagnosed based on physical symptoms" (Choice C) is an inaccurate statement. Phobias are typically diagnosed based on the individual's reported symptoms, such as intense fear and avoidance behaviors. There are no specific physical symptoms that directly indicate the presence of a phobia.
Choice D rationale:
"Phobias can be managed with medication alone" (Choice D) is an inaccurate statement. Medication alone is not considered the primary treatment for phobias. While medications like selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) or benzodiazepines may be prescribed to alleviate anxiety symptoms, the most effective treatment for phobias is psychotherapy, particularly exposure therapy or cognitive-behavioral therapy. These therapies address the root causes of the phobia and help individuals learn to manage their fear.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
The correct answer is choice b. “Curling’s ulcer.”
Choice A rationale:
Elevated blood pressure is not a common complication specifically associated with partial-thickness burns. It may occur due to pain or stress but is not the most critical complication to anticipate.
Choice B rationale:
Curling’s ulcer, a type of stress ulcer, is a significant complication that can develop in burn patients due to the stress response and reduced blood flow to the gastrointestinal tract.
Choice C rationale:
Compartment syndrome is more commonly associated with circumferential full-thickness burns rather than partial-thickness burns.
Choice D rationale:
Excruciating pain is a symptom rather than a complication. While pain management is crucial, it is not the most critical complication to anticipate.
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