A client with a history of seizures is scheduled for an electroencephalogram (EEG). Which instruction does the nurse give the client before the test?

You may bring some music to listen to for distraction.

Do not take any sedatives 12 to 24 hours before the test.

You will need to have someone to drive you home.

Please do not have anything to eat or drink after midnight.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Choice A: You May Bring Some Music to Listen to for Distraction

Bringing music for distraction is generally not a standard instruction given before an EEG. While listening to music might help some patients relax, it is not a critical part of the preparation for the test. The primary focus of EEG preparation is to ensure accurate readings of brain activity, which can be influenced by various factors such as medication and sleep.

Choice B: Do Not Take Any Sedatives 12 to 24 Hours Before the Test

Avoiding sedatives before an EEG is crucial because these medications can alter brain activity and affect the test results. Sedatives can suppress the electrical activity in the brain, leading to inaccurate readings. Therefore, it is essential for patients to avoid taking any sedatives 12 to 24 hours before the test to ensure the EEG captures the brain’s natural activity.

Choice C: You Will Need to Have Someone to Drive You Home

This instruction is typically given if the patient is expected to be sedated or if the test involves procedures that might impair their ability to drive. However, for a standard EEG, patients are usually not sedated, and there is no need for someone to drive them home. This instruction is more relevant for other types of medical procedures that involve sedation.

Choice D: Please Do Not Have Anything to Eat or Drink After Midnight

Fasting is not a standard requirement for an EEG. Patients are generally allowed to eat and drink before the test. However, they are often advised to avoid caffeine as it can affect brain activity. The instruction to avoid food and drink after midnight is more commonly associated with procedures that require anesthesia or sedation, not an EEG.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A Reason:

Pronation of the hands.

Pronation of the hands is not typically associated with decorticate posturing. Decorticate posturing is characterized by the flexion of the arms and wrists, with the hands often clenched into fists. Pronation refers to the rotation of the hands so that the palms face downward, which is not a feature of decorticate posturing.

Choice B Reason:

Extension of the arms.

Extension of the arms is more characteristic of decerebrate posturing, not decorticate posturing. In decorticate posturing, the arms are flexed and held tightly to the chest, not extended. This flexion is due to damage to the cerebral hemispheres, which affects the corticospinal tract.

Choice C Reason:

External rotation of the lower extremities.

External rotation of the lower extremities is not a typical finding in decorticate posturing. In decorticate posturing, the legs are usually extended and rigid, with the toes pointed. External rotation would indicate a different type of posturing or neurological condition.

Choice D Reason:

Plantar flexion of the legs.

Plantar flexion of the legs is a characteristic finding in decorticate posturing. This involves the toes pointing downward, which is a result of the increased muscle tone and reflexes due to the brain injury. This posture indicates severe damage to the brain, specifically the corticospinal tract.

A. Place the client on aspiration precautions. B. Turn the client every 4 hours. C. Check the client’s blood pressure every 2 hours. D. Initiate measures to cool the client.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A Reason:

Place the client on aspiration precautions: Myxedema coma is a severe form of hypothyroidism that can lead to decreased mental function and a reduced level of consciousness. These conditions increase the risk of aspiration, which can lead to pneumonia and other complications. Therefore, placing the client on aspiration precautions is crucial to prevent these risks. Aspiration precautions may include elevating the head of the bed, monitoring swallowing ability, and providing thickened liquids if necessary.

Choice B Reason:

Turn the client every 4 hours: While turning the client regularly is important to prevent pressure ulcers, it is not the primary action needed for a client in a myxedema coma. The focus should be on stabilizing the client’s condition and preventing life-threatening complications such as aspiration, respiratory failure, and cardiovascular collapse.

Choice C Reason:

Check the client’s blood pressure every 2 hours: Monitoring vital signs, including blood pressure, is essential for clients in a myxedema coma. However, it is not the most critical action compared to preventing aspiration. Blood pressure should be monitored regularly, but the frequency can be adjusted based on the client’s condition and stability.

Choice D Reason:

Initiate measures to cool the client: Clients in a myxedema coma typically present with hypothermia (low body temperature), not hyperthermia (high body temperature). Therefore, initiating measures to cool the client would be inappropriate and could worsen their condition. Instead, measures to warm the client, such as using blankets and adjusting room temperature, are more appropriate.

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A client with a history of seizures is scheduled for an electroencephalogram (EEG). Which instruction does the nurse give the client before the test?

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